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KCEP 210 Final exam > 12 - Arthritis > Flashcards

12 - Arthritis Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of arthritis

A

A group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body

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2
Q

Most common forms of arthritis (2) + %

A 
Rheumatoid arthritis (1% of population)
Osteoarthritis (10% of population)
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3
Q

Main problems of arthritis (2)

A

Decrease in

Presence of

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4
Q

Prevalence of arthritis

A

4 million Canadiens (1 in 7 people)

The most common cause of long-term disability in Canada

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5
Q

More than ____ Canadians are classified as disabled because of arthritis

A

600 000

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6
Q

Why is the number going up?

A

Aging of the population (average age increasing)

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7
Q

2 impacts of arthritis on daily life

A

Pain can prevent activities in people living with arthritis

Physical inactivity is slightly higher in people living with arthritis

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8
Q

Can the inflammation/joint deformity be painful?

A

Yes so you want to stretch during a period when they have less symptoms

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9
Q

Definition of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Inflammation occurs in the synovial membranes that cover a joint capsule and spreads throughout the joint

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10
Q

Most common area of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Wrists, hands, knee, feet, cervical spine

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11
Q

Rheumatoid is ___ more common in ___

A

3 times, females

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12
Q

Age of usual onset of rheumatoid arthritis

A

20-50 years old

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13
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis affects more than one joint and usually symmetrical

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis - disease type

A

Systemic = the entire body is affected

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15
Q

S/S of systemic disease (example)

A

Fever, pallor, inflammation of tear and salivary glands

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16
Q

Purpose of medication in rheumatoid arthritis

A

Reduce joint inflammation and pain + immunosuppressive drugs

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17
Q

Cause of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Malfunction of the immune system (autoimmune disease)

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18
Q

What new thing can help diagnose RA?

A

Blood test for inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein)

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19
Q

What is C-reactive protein?

A

Protein produced by the liver and found in the blood.

CRP levels in the blood rise in response to inflammation

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20
Q

Difference between RA and OA

A

RA is loss of space in the synovial cavity

OA is bone spur (loss of cartilage)

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21
Q

Most common form of arthritis in children

A

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

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22
Q

Average age of onset of juvenile RA + age of peaks

A

6 years old

2 peaks occur between 2-4 and 8-11

23
Q

Juvenile RA: complete functional recovery in about __% of the cases

A

50%

24
Q

Juvenile RA: period of exacerbation last from ___ to ____

A

1 week to several months

25
Q

What are the warning signs of rheumatoid arthritis? (6)

A
  1. Inflammation (Pain, swelling, tenderness, hear, or redness in a joint)
  2. Inflammation may start gradually or with a sudden severe attack
  3. Morning stiffness that lasts longer than 30 minutes
  4. Pain in 3 or more joints at the same time or in a joint all night long
  5. Low energy and fatigue
  6. Possible fever and weight loss
26
Q

From all the warning signs of RA, which ones are indicative of systemic disease? (2)

A
  1. Low energy and fatigue

6. Possible fever and weight loss

27
Q

Most common form of arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis

28
Q

Commonly affected joints of osteoarthritis (4)

A

hands, hips, spine, knees

29
Q

What is common about the hips, spine, and knees joints?

A

Weight-bearing joints

30
Q

Purpose of medication for osteoarthritis

A

Reduce joint pain and inflammation

31
Q

Causes of osteoarthritis (4 + example)

A 
Genetic predisposition
Joint trauma (knees of football players)
Excessive weight (obesity)
Overuse syndrome (hands of hairdressers)
32
Q

Osteoarthritis - disease type

A

Peripheral (local effect)

33
Q

OA mainly affects people of age ___

A

50 +

34
Q

Symptoms of OA get __ as the day goes on? why?

A

Worse because of fatigue

35
Q

Medication to manage osteoarthritis

A

Glucosamine

36
Q

Treatment to manage arthritis

A

Exercise (helps reduce pain and prevent further joint damage)

37
Q

Effect of joint movement on arthritis

A

Mechanical pressure over the cartilage brings nutrients + squeezes out waste

38
Q

Effect of absence of movement on arthritis

A

Cartilage will starve + crumble away

Tendons and ligaments will shrink, stiffen up + become weaker

39
Q

Exercise of inflamed joints strengthens the muscles around the joint, which results in ____ pain

A

Less

40
Q

Training intensity chart - RED workout (symptoms and training intensity)

A

Symptoms = More than normal pain (joints in flare-up)

Training intensity = rest and recover + ROM

41
Q

Training intensity chart - YELLOW workout (symptoms and training intensity)

A

Symptoms = Normal pain/joint discomfort

Training intensity = Normal exercise routine

42
Q

Training intensity chart - GREEN workout (symptoms and training intensity)

A

Symptoms = Better than normal pain (joints feeling good)

Training intensity = Try something new (increase time, weight, sets/reps)

43
Q

Exercise recommendations from the arthritis society - If the joint is affected but not painful

A 
ROM exercise (hold 2-3 seconds)
Stretching exercise (hold 20-30 sec)
44
Q

Exercise recommendations from the arthritis society - If the joint is slightly swollen, but neither hot nor painful

A

Cut the repetitions in half

45
Q

Exercise recommendations from the arthritis society - If the joint is hot, swollen + painful

A

1 or 2 repetitions of the ROM exercises and no stretching

46
Q

Strengthening exercises - If the joint is affected but not painful

A

15 to 30 reps with low load

47
Q

Strengthening exercises - If the joint is slightly swollen, mildly painful

A

Avoid strengthening exercises

48
Q

Exercises (different ways to decrease symptoms of arthritis (name 2)

A

Relaxation

Heat/cold

49
Q

Effect of heat on arthritis

A

Helps relax aching muscles, reduces joint pain and soreness (not recommended for swollen joints)

50
Q

Effect of cold on arthritis

A

Helps to lessen the pain and swelling in a joint

51
Q

Joint protection - To prevent joint deteorioration

A

Important to be kind to the body.
After doing heavy work, or doing the same task over and over = stop or slow down

Important to use arms, legs and back in a safe way to avoid stress on joints

52
Q

Surgery for arthritis

A

Can be considered if the joint becomes badly damaged, or if the pain is too strong

53
Q

Benefits of surgery for arthritis (3)

A

Less pain
Better movement and function
*Better physical appearance

54
Q

Joint reconstruction can be minor or major

A

TRUE

KCEP 210 Final exam (8 decks)

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