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KCEP 210 Final exam > 7 - Wheel sports > Flashcards

7 - Wheel sports Flashcards

1
Q

What are SCI?

A

Quadriplegia and paraplegia acquired through some kind of trauma

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2
Q

Causes of SCI in % (5)

A 
48% motor vehicles
21% falls
14% violence
14% sport injuries
3% other
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3
Q

Which one is #1 in the following:

  • football
  • rugby
  • diving (pool, lake)
  • downhill skiing
  • downhill mountain biking
A

Diving (pool, lake)

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4
Q

What is the link between SCI and the olfactory bulb?

A

Sense of smell

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5
Q

Lifetime health care costs are between 1.6 to 3 million dollars per person, why such a wide range?

A

Degree of severity and age

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6
Q

Lesions can be complete or incomplete, in the past there were more complete lesion.
Decrease in % of complete lesion is due to: (4)

A

Meds, car safety belt, air bags, paramedic (spinal immobilization)

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7
Q

Are sensations intact above the lesion?

A

YES

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8
Q

Can an individual with a spinal cord lesion at the lumbar level contract his arm muscles?

A

Yes, because the nerves used to move the arm muscles are located in the cervical area

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9
Q

Severity of condition depends on what? (2)

A

The level of the lesion

Whether it is complete or incomplete

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10
Q

Severity of condition - 1. Quadriplegia (def)

A

Involvement of all 4 limbs and trunk (cervical lesion)

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11
Q

Severity of condition - 1. Quadriplegia (cause)

A

Damage to the cervical segments

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12
Q

Why are C5-C6 most common?

A

Car accidents (whiplash)

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13
Q

What vertebrae determines if they will use a manual wheelchair vs motorized, and why?

A

C7, because it innervates the triceps, which is an important muscle (+pecs) for propulsion

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14
Q

Severity of condition - 2. Paraplegia (def)

A

Involvement of lower limbs and/or trunk

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15
Q

Severity of condition - 2. Paraplegia (cause)

A

Damage to the thoracic or lumbar spine

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16
Q

Effect of complete lesion of T1 to 6

A

No sitting balance

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17
Q

Effect of complete lesion of T7 to L1

A

Some useful sitting

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18
Q

Effect of complete lesion of L2 to lower

A

Normal trunk control

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19
Q

Health concerns in SCI (6)

A
  1. Sensation loss
  2. Contractures and injury prevention (spasticity)
  3. Lower limb atrophy
  4. Osteoporosis
  5. Weight management
  6. ANS dysfunction during exercise
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20
Q

Health concerns in SCI - 1. Sensation loss (complete vs incomplete lesion)

A

Complete lesion = total loss below lesion
Incomplete lesion = partial loss below lesion
* lose some sensations, vulnerable to injury

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21
Q

Health concerns in SCI - 2. Contractures and injury prevention

A

Shortening and tightening of muscles
Stretching 2x/day (full ROM)
* flexors in upper limbs
* extensors in lower limbs

22
Q

Health concerns very common in wheelchair users?

A
  1. Lower limb atrophy
  2. Osteoporosis
  3. Weight management
23
Q

Health concerns very common in wheelchair users because of a decrease in: (3)

A
  • Muscle contraction (paralysis)
  • Mechanical loading on bones
  • Energy expenditure
24
Q

Health concerns in SCI - 6. ANS dysfunction during exercise

A
  • Decrease heart beat
  • Decrease BP
  • Sweating impairment
  • Impairment of the vasoconstrictor function = decrease blood to heart = less oxygen to muscles = early fatigue
25
Q

What can you do to make sure the BP does not increase when exercising?

A

Train in horizontal position

26
Q

Cardiac sympathetic nerve fibers originate from __ to __

A

T1 to T4 (partly from T5)

27
Q

ANS dysfunction can be present in ___ and high ____ (lesions at T5 and above)

A

Quadriplegics, paraplegics

28
Q

Where does the ANS signal originate from?

A

Brain stem

29
Q

Recommendations for exercise programming

A

High intensity exercises may not be tolerated in person with quadriplegia and high paraplegia because of hypotension (impaired blood distribution)

30
Q

Cause of hypotension

A

S.ANS (ANS dysfunction)

31
Q

Symptoms of hypotension

A

Dizziness or nausea (feeling faint)

32
Q

Recommendations for exercise programming - special recommendations

A

Decrease cardiovascular capacity and endurance after SCI (50% in paraplegia, 75% in quadriplegia)

33
Q

Cardiovascular training may include

A

Arm ergometer and locomotor training with crutches or body weight support (overhead harness)

34
Q

Benefits of arm ergometer (3)

A

Suitable to use either in the home or in the center
Workload can be adjusted easily
Grip cuffs used for quadriplegics

35
Q

Benefits of locomotor training with crutches (2)

A

Can increase muscle strength and bone mineral density

Can prevent pressure sores (increase blood circulation)

36
Q

Rollers are to wheelchair users what ____ are to ambulatory runners

A

treadmills

37
Q

To prevent upper-extremity overuse syndromes (in wheelchair users) - (3)

A
  • Vary exercises from week to week
  • Strengthen muscles of the upper back and posterior shoulder
  • Stretch muscles of anterior shoulder and chest
38
Q

To prevent contractures and injury

A

Stretching exercises for lower + upper extremities

39
Q

Example of seated flexibility exercises (4)

A

???

40
Q

Sports wheelchairs - common characteristics among sports chairs (4)

A

No push handles
Do not fold
Wheel camber
Anti-tipping support (all but racing chair)

41
Q

What is unique to rugby wheelchair? (2)

A

Front bumper and wings

42
Q

Rules of wheelchair basketball

A

Dribble, shoot or pass after 2 pushes
There is no double dribble rule
Raise buttocks off chair = technical foul
Open to able-bodied (no major competitions)

43
Q

To be eligible to play wheelchair basketball, an athlete must have ?

A

A permanent physical disability in the lower limbs that prevents him from running, jumping, and pivoting as an able-bodied player

44
Q

Player classification is not based on medical diagnosis, but on ?

A

Observed trunk movements and stability during actual basketball competitions

45
Q

The points from each player are ranked between __ and ___

A

1.0 through 4.5

46
Q

With five players on the court, what is the points limit for each team?

A

14 points total

47
Q

The 14 points maximal rule ensures what?

A

That any player, regardless of degree of disability, has an integral role to play within the team structure

48
Q

Wheelchair basketball is mainly played by players with SCI. Which condition comes second?

A

Amputation

49
Q

Rules of adapted tennis

A

Ball may bounce or or twice, with the first bounce in the opponent’s court
Scoring is the same

50
Q

Date of creation of adapted tennis in the USA

A

1976

51
Q

Specific rule of rugby

A

Must dribble or pass at least once every 10 sec

KCEP 210 Final exam (8 decks)

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