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KCEP 210 Final exam > 10 - Multiple Sclerosis > Flashcards

10 - Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

systems involved in MS

A

Neurological and immune

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2
Q

Incidence (when MS strikes)

A

20 to 40 years old

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3
Q

Is it curable?

A

No, but we can try to slow it down as it is a progressive condition

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4
Q

Definition of multiple sclerosis

A

MS is a chronic, progressive disease that leads to increasing disability in most individuals

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5
Q

Multiple =

A

many scattered areas of the brain and spinal cord are affected

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6
Q

Sclerosis =

A

“sclerosed” or hardened tissue in damaged area

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7
Q

No cure but the medications can help to do 2 things

A
  1. speed recovery from attacks

2. modify the course of the disease and symptoms

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8
Q

Simple explanation of MS

A

Immune system attacks the myelin sheath causing communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body

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9
Q

In MS, the protective coating on nerve fibers (myelin) in the CNS becomes ____ and ____. This creates a lesion that may cause numbness, tingling, or pain in parts of the body (+ loss of motor control)

A

detached, eventually destroyed

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10
Q

____ to ____ Canadians have MS

A

55 000 to 75 000

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11
Q

Cost of MS to the Canadian economy per year

A

More than 1 billion $

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12
Q

Difference with stroke (age, health, economy…)

A

People with stroke are usually older and will eventually die as people with MS are younger so they will live longer on medication with the disease = $$$ for the economy

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13
Q

Average age of clinical onset of MS

A

30-33 years old

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14
Q

Average age of diagnosis of MS

A

37 years old

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15
Q

Why such a delay between the onset age and diagnosis? (3)

A
  • symptoms come and go
  • MS gets mixed up with other conditions
  • symptoms vary from one person to another
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16
Q

Causes of MS

A

Unknown

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17
Q

MS is considered an ____ disease in which the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues by mistake

A

autoimmune

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18
Q

Risk factors of MS

A

There is no single risk factor that provokes MS, but several factors are believed to contribute to the overall risk

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19
Q

Factors increasing the risk of developing MS (8)

A 
Age
Sex
Family history
Certain infections
Climate
Certain autoimmune diseases
Smoking
Race
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20
Q

Age factor

A

Mostly affects people between 20 and 40 years old (but can affect anyone)

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21
Q

Sex factor

A

Women are about twice as likely as men are to develop MS

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22
Q

Family history factor

A

If one of your parents or siblings has had MS, you are at higher risk of developing the disease

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23
Q

Certain infections factor

A

Epstein-Barr, infectious mononucleosis

24
Q

Climate factor

A

Far more common in countries with temperate climates (ex: europe, canada, new zealand, south australia, etc.)

25
Q

Certain autoimmune diseases factor

A

Slightly higher risk if you have thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease

26
Q

Smoking factor

A

More

27
Q

Race factor

A 
White people (Northern European descent) at higher risk
People of Asian, African or Native American descent have the lowest risk
28
Q

Incidence per populations (scottish/canadian VS inuit)

A

Very high for us

Lower for inuit because they eat a lot of fish that contains omega 3

29
Q

Do we exercise during period of flare-ups?

A

NO

30
Q

Symptoms of MS/lesions locations - Optic nerve lesion

A

causes blurred vision

31
Q

Symptoms of MS/lesions locations - Brain stem lesion

A

dizziness and may cause double vision

32
Q

Symptoms of MS/lesions locations - Cerebellum and cerebrum lesions

A

balance problems, speech problems, uncoordinated movements and tremors

33
Q

Symptoms of MS/lesions locations - Motor nerve tract

A

muscle weakness, spasticity paralysis, bladder and bowel impairments

34
Q

Symptoms of MS/lesions locations - Sensory nerve tract

A

altered sensation, numbness, prickling, and burning sensations

35
Q

Other symptoms of MS

A

Fatigue (78% of all patients)

Tremor, lack of coordination or unsteady gait

36
Q

MS walking pattern

A

Lack of opposition of arms and legs

37
Q

Disease modifying therapies (immunosuppressants drugs) can help (2)

A

Decrease severity

Decrease frequency of relapses

38
Q

MS classification is based on (2)

A

Rate of disease progression and frequency of flare-ups

39
Q

Types of MS (4)

A

Relapsing/remitting MS (RRMS)
Secondary progressive MS (SPMS)
Primary progressive MS (PPMS)
Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS)

40
Q

Most common type of MS

A

Relapsing/remitting MS

41
Q

Relapsing/remitting MS

A
  • Unpredictable but clearly defined relapses during which new symptoms appear or existing ones get worse
  • In the period between relapses, recovery is complete or nearly complete to pre-relapse function
42
Q

Secondary progressive MS

A
  • Follows a diagnosis of RRMS. Overtime, distinct relapses and remissions become less apparent and the disease begins to progress steadily (plateaus)
  • 1/2 of people with RRMS start to worsen within 10-20 years of diagnosis (increasing the disability)
43
Q

Primary progressive MS

A
  • Slow accumulation of disability, without defined relapses

- May stabilize for periods of time, but overall, there are no periods of remission

44
Q

Approximately ___% of people diagnosed with MS have PPMS

A

10%

45
Q

People with this type of MS will die before the predicted age of the population because their respiratory muscle will eventually fail

A

Primary progressive MS

46
Q

Rarest course of MS (about 5% of MS cases)

A

Progressive-relapsing MS

47
Q

Progressive-relapsing MS

A

Experience relapses with or without recovery and steadily worsening disease from the beginning

48
Q

who are the guidelines for?

A

With minimal to moderate disability resulting from either relapsing remitting or progressive forms of multiple sclerosis

49
Q

Frequency? aerobic vs strength training

A

2 times per week

50
Q

Duration? aerobic vs strength training

A

30 minutes of aerobic activity during each workout session

Gradually work up to doing 2 sets of 10-15 reps of each exercise for strength training

51
Q

Intensity? aerobic vs strength training

A

Moderate-intensity (5-6 RPE), can still talk but not sing a song during the activity
Pick a resistance that you can barely but safely finish 10-15 reps of the last set

52
Q

Mode of training? aerobic vs strength training

A

Arm cycling, walking, leg cycling, elliptical trainer

Weight machines, free weights, cable pulleys

Aquatic exercises (Other mode)

53
Q

What component is missing in the guidelines?

A

Flexibility

54
Q

MS vs exercise - special considerations (4)

A
  • Lower level of fitness
  • Fatigue
  • Heat intolerance
  • Depression
  • Exercise does not trigger periods of exacerbation when properly managed
55
Q

Effects of exercise on MS

A

Increase aerobic capacity
Increase muscular strength and endurance
Increase quality of life
Increase independence in ADLs

KCEP 210 Final exam (8 decks)

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