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KCEP 210 Final exam > 8 - Cerebral palsy > Flashcards

8 - Cerebral palsy Flashcards

1
Q 
Cerebral = ?
Palsy = ?
A

= Brain

= Decrease muscle control (paralysis of the brain)

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2
Q

Definition of cerebral palsy

A

Non-progressive but not unchanging disorder of movement and/or posture, due to and insult or abnormality of the developing brain. Speech and senses like hearing and vision can also be impaired

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3
Q

Is it contagious?

A

NO

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4
Q

Is it hereditary?

A

NO

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5
Q

Is it life-threatening?

A

NO, life expectancy is similar to able-bodied individuals

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6
Q

Males born very preterm also appear to be more vulnerable to ____ injury and ____ hemorrhage than females

A

White matter, intraventricular

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7
Q

Sex hormones such as ____ provide protection against hypoxic-ischemic injury, and the neonatal brain is also influenced by these hormones

A

Estrogens

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8
Q

Incidence of brain lesion

A

90% before or during birth VS 10% after birth

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9
Q

Causes of brain lesions before or during birth (5)

A
  • Maternal infections (aids, rubella, herpes)
  • Chemical toxins (alcohol, tobacco, drugs)
  • Injuries affecting fetal development
  • Damage to the brain or oxygen deprivation during deliveries
  • Genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormality, faulty blood supply
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10
Q

Causes of brain lesions after birth (3)

A
  • Brain infections (meningitis)
  • Cranial traumas (accidents, shaken baby syndrome)
  • Oxygen deprivation (near drowning)
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11
Q

Other factors of brain lesions (2)

A
  • Age of the mother (under 20 or over 34)

- Premature + low birth weight babies

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12
Q

No.1 cause of brain lesion (CP)

A
  • damage to the brain or oxygen deprivation during deliveries
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13
Q

Early signs of cerebral palsy (4)

A
  • Before 3 years of age
  • Motor skills not developing normally (coordination + balance)
  • Abnormal muscle tone (hypotonia or hypertonia)
  • Favour one side of body
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14
Q

Types of CP - 2 ways to classify

A

Classification by number of limb affected

Classification by movement disorder

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15
Q

Classification by number of limb affected (5)

A 
Quadriplegia
Diplegia
Hemiplegia
Triplegia
Monoplegia
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16
Q

Quadriplegia

A

All 4 extremities

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17
Q

Diplegia

A

Lower extremities more frequent than upper

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18
Q

Hemiplegia

A

The entire left or right side is affected

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19
Q

Triplegia

A

3 extremities (usually both legs + 1 arm)

20
Q

Monoplegia

A

1 extremity

21
Q

Classification by movement disorder (3)

A

Spastic CP
Athetoid CP
Ataxic CP

22
Q

Spastic CP

A

“tug-of-war” or co-contraction

23
Q

Athetoid CP

A

mixed muscle tone, constant motion

24
Q

Ataxic CP

A

look unsteady and shaky

25
Q

Region of the brain for spasticity

A

Motor cortex/premotor cortex

26
Q

Region of the brain for athetosis and tremors

A

Basal ganglia

27
Q

Region of the brain for ataxia

A

Cerebellum

28
Q

Types of motor disorders related to CP - 1. Spasticity (def)

A

Abnormal muscle tightness and stiffness

29
Q

Types of motor disorders related to CP - 1. Spasticity (cause)

A

Caused by damage to the motor cortex + cortical tracts (basal ganglia + cerebellum)

30
Q

Types of motor disorders related to CP - 1. Spasticity (interventions)

A
  • surgical lengthening of tendon (toe walking + knee flexion)
  • dorsal rhizotomy
31
Q

The long tracts represent neurons that pass up and down the spinal cord and modify the action reflex arc. Injury to these tracts usually causes the arc reflex to become ___

A

hyperactive (spastic)

32
Q

Types of motor disorders related to CP - 2. Athetosis (def + damage where)

A

Constant, unpredictable, and purposeless movement caused by fluctuating muscle tone
Damage to basal ganglia

33
Q

Types of motor disorders related to CP - 2. Athetosis (problems + incidence)

A

Problems with: facial expression, eating, speaking, head control, fingers + wrist control
+/- 25% of people with CP

34
Q

Most common form of CP

A

Spasticity

35
Q

Most people with athetosis are ____

A

quadriplegic

36
Q

Types of motor disorders related to CP - 3. Ataxia (def)

A

Disturbance of balance and coordination characterized by hypotonia and decrease postural tone

37
Q

Types of motor disorders related to CP - 3. Ataxia (incidence + damage where)

A

10% of people with CP

Results from disorders of the cerebellum + vestibular system

38
Q

Fitness and CP - for same workload as able-bodied individuals:

A

Higher HR, blood pressure and lactate concentration

Decrease mechanical efficiency (increase energy)

39
Q

Effects of exercise training (limited information)

improvement of: (5)

A
  • sense of wellness
  • body image
  • capacity to perform ADLs
  • decrease spasticity + athetosis
  • resistance training is controversial
40
Q

According to the latest studies, resistance training increases spasticity (and in turn decrease ROM) by ___% in participants with CP

A

???

41
Q

Effects of 12 week progressive resistance training on walking ability (first result)

A

Significant improvement in muscle strength in trained group vs control group

42
Q

Effects of 12 week progressive resistance training on walking ability (second result)

A

No improvement in walking ability in both groups

43
Q

Effects of 12 week progressive resistance training on walking ability (last results)

A

No change in muscle spasticity (muscle tone) and ROM in both groups

44
Q

Abnormal gait - spastic CP (2)

A

Scissors gait

Hemiplegic gait

45
Q

Abnormal gait - ataxic CP

A

Ataxic or cerebellar gait

KCEP 210 Final exam (8 decks)

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