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MICROBIOLOGY 1.0 > 1.2 Bacterial Growth and Nutrition > Flashcards

1.2 Bacterial Growth and Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Decomposition of nitrogen-containing compounds

A

Nitrogen fixation

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1
Q

Process of Bacterial Cultivation (7)

A
  1. Isolation and identification of organisms 2. Determination of antibiotic assay 3. Antibiotic and vitamin assays 4. Biological testing of products destined for human use 5. Food and water analysis 6. Industrial testing 7. Environmental control
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1
Q

MEASUREMENT OF POPULATION GROWTH

A
  1. CELL NUMBER/CELL COUNT 2. CELL MASS
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2
Q

Physical Requirements of Microbes

A
  1. Temperature 2. Atmosphere 3. Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) 4. Osmotic pressure 5. Hydrostatic pressure
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2
Q

the most rapid cell growth occurs at what part of the culture?

A

Edge

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2
Q

type of cell mass determination used in fungi

A

Direct

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3
Q

Log phase continues until one of two things happens

A
  1. nutrients in the medium become exhausted 2. toxic metabolic products accumulate and inhibit growth
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3
Q

is defined as the time (t) per generation

A

Generation time

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4
Q

organisms that thrive at >80°C (70°C to 110°C)

A

HYPERTHERMOPHILES

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5
Q

Useful in public health microbiology especially in determining water quality

A

SELECTIVE/DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA

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6
Q

Operates best at high dilution rates and Culture medium lacks a limiting nutrient

A

Turbidostats

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7
Q

Example is: fungi best grows on bread, dry rot of wood, survival of bacterial endospores

A

XEROPHILES/XEROTOLERANT

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7
Q

Used to identify lactose-fermenting gram negative bacteria like E. coli

A

MacConkey Agar/DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA

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8
Q

Phase when cells may be growing in volume or mass, synthesizing enzymes, proteins, RNA; only increase in metabolic activity

A

Lag Phase

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9
Q

lack superoxide dismutase and catalase

A

ANAEROBES

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10
Q

electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

14% of phospholipid layer of cell membrane (dry weight)

A

Nitrogen

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12
Q

at the most favourable temperatures for growth, the number of cell divisions per hour (growth rate) generally doubles for every increase of __°C

A

10°C

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13
Q

Most stable and effective at lower dilution rates

A

Chemostats

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15
Q

serves as cofactor for enzymes, complexes with ATP and stabilizes ribosomes and cell membranes

A

Magnesium

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15
Q

Chemically undefined, prepared from natural products

A

Complex Media

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15
Q

Examples are Petroff-Hauser, hemocytometer, Coulter counter

A

Direct Cell Counting

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16
Q

do not require oxygen for growth → may use it for energy yielding chemical reactions

A

FACULTATIVE AEROBES

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17
Q

optimal T for pathogenic organisms

A

37°C

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17
The microbial mixture is transferred to the edge of an agar plate with an inoculating loop or swab and then streaked out over the surface in one of several patterns.
STREAK PLATE
19
use of atmospheric or gaseous N for cell synthesis
Nitrogen fixation
21
CLASSES OF GROWTH FACTORS
Amino acids Purines/Pyrimidines Vitamins
23
What are the Macroelements?
Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Sulfur Phosphorus
23
organisms that thrive at 40 – 85°C
THERMOPHILES
24
Contain substrates which inhibit the growth of one group of bacteria while allowing the growth of another
SELECTIVE MEDIA
25
20% of phospholipid layer of cell membrane (dry weight)
Oxygen
26
maintain pH, forms H bonds in macromolecules, and act as prime force in oxidation
Hydrogen
26
pressure-dependent microbes, die in low hydrostatic pressure environment because of gas vesicles that expand upon decompression and cells rupture
Barophiles
28
e.g. Marine bacteria; Vibrio parahemolyticus
HALOPHILES/HALOTOLERANT
29
Allows the separation of different groups of bacteria based on variations in colony size or color using dyes as pH indicators
DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
30
process of becoming a dormant cell that resists adverse condition
Sporulation
32
make up all or part of enzyme co-factors and only very small amounts sustain growth
Vitamins
33
contributes to heat resistance and bacterial endospores
Calcium
34
Nutrient medium with extra growth factors, such as blood; No inhibitory agent is used to prevent the growth of unwanted organisms
ENRICHMENT MEDIA
35
TYPES OF MEDIA ACCORDING TO COMPOSITION where Exact composition is known
Chemically defined or Synthetic
36
cannot withstand a 21% level of oxygen; grow best at oxygen levels between 1 and 15%
MICROAEROPHILIC
38
most important chemical requirement, next to water
Carbon
38
The protective mechanisms of aerobes that allow them to survive with ambient Oxygen
superoxide dismutase
39
Macroelements are required in (amount)
Grams/Liter
40
50% of phospholipid layer of cell membrane (dry weight)
Carbon
42
force with which water moves through the cytoplasmic membrane from a solution containing a low concentration of dissolved substances (solutes) to one containing a high solute concentration
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
43
organisms that thrive at 15 – 20°C
PSYCHROTROPHS
45
at refrigerator temperature (4-10°C) they spoil food stored for prolonged periods
PSYCHROTROPHS
46
Present in ug/L
Trace elements
48
Original sample is diluted several times to reduce the microbial population sufficiently to obtain separate colonies upon plating
POUR PLATE
49
Contains neutral red dye, which becomes pink in the presence of acids produced by the fermentation of lactose.
MacConkey Agar/DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
50
4 Phases of Growth Curve
Lag Log/Exponential Stationary Decline
52
With superoxide dismutase but without catalase
AEROTOLERANT
54
Nutrients are used for what 2 purposes?
1. Biosynthesis 2. Energy Production
55
Major element in all organic compounds
Hydrogen
56
A population of cells arising from a single cell, to characterize an individual species.
Pure culture
56
to ensure continued growth where culture volume and the cell concentration are both kept constant by adding fresh medium at the same rate that used cell-containing medium is removed
CONTINUOUS CULTURES: OPEN SYSTEM
57
pressure exerted on cells by the weight of the water resting on top of them
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
58
Blood Agar Plate is for gram ____ organisms
Positive
60
usually poisoned by oxygen
ANAEROBES
61
measurement of growth inhibition caused by the antibiotics
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY
62
the ideal solidifying agent
Agar
63
Hydrogen composition in cell membranes
8% of phospholipid layer of cell membrane (dry weight)
64
used to determine the precise nutritional requirements (media)
Chemically defined or Synthetic
65
main form of Phosphorus
Phosphate
66
Dilute microbial mixture is transferred to the center of an agar plate and spread evenly over the surface with a sterile bent glass rod
SPREAD PLATE
67
can stand hypertonic environments whether salt, sugar, or other dissolved solutes
OSMOPHILES
68
Meant to simulate and improve on the natural environment
Complex Media
69
organisms that thrive at 25 – 40°C
MESOPHILES
70
organisms that thrive at 0 – 15°C
PSYCHROPHILES
71
can grow in a standard air atmosphere of 21% oxygen
Aerobes
72
Trace elements
Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, Ni
73
microorganisms that require some NaCl for growth
HALOPHILES/HALOTOLERANT
74
organic compounds required because they are essential cell components or precursors of such component and cannot be synthesized by the organism
Growth Factors

MICROBIOLOGY 1.0 (6 decks)

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