1.1 Bacterial Ultrastructure and Morphology

Question 1

this event is triggered by near depletion of any several nutrients

Answer 1

sporulation

Question 1

Flagella arrangement: single flagella at one end

Answer 1

monotrichous

Question 1

responsible for attachment of donor and recipient cells in bacterial conjugation

Answer 1

sex pili

Question 2

Flagella arrangement: tuft of flagella at one end

Answer 2

lophotrichous

Question 3

self-replicating DNA molecules independent of chromosomal DNA

Answer 3

Plasmids

Question 3

This appendage is usually found in gram - bacteria

Answer 3

Pili/fimbriae

Question 4

Confers rigidity and shape. ALso responsible for viability of bacterium.

Answer 4

cell wall

Question 4

a polymer of ribitol or glycerol phosphate

Answer 4

techoic acid

Question 4

acts as a selective barrier

Answer 4

cytoplasmic membrane

Question 5

produced when source of N, S, P is limited and there is excess carbon in the medium

Answer 5

Poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB)

Question 6

nucleus:eukaryote = ____:prokaryote

Answer 6

nucleoid

Question 7

Prokaryotes: DNA (+/-) histones

Answer 7

-

Question 8

G+ produce what kind of toxin?

Answer 8

Exotoxin

Question 8

granules produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 8

Much granules

Question 9

well-defined mucoid polysaccharide structure with antigenic phagocytic properties

Answer 9

capsule/glycocalyx

Question 10

Prokaryotes: (+/-) carbohydrates in cell membrane

Answer 10

-

Question 11

pili/fimbriae is composed of what structural protein subunit?

Answer 11

PILINS

Question 12

storage for reserve materials/excess food and energy/reservoir of structural building blocks

Answer 12

inclusions bodies/granules

Question 14

Staphylococci appear in (chain/cluster)?

Answer 14

cluster

Question 15

call it ____ is it is loosely adherent to the cell wall

Answer 15

slime layer

Question 16

facilitate the entry of small molecular substance iin gram negative

Answer 16

porins

Question 16

composed of RNA and protein, factories upon which protein are made

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

produced when carbon is in EXCESS, and (together with PHB) used as CARBON source when protein and nucleic acid synthesis are resumed

Answer 17

glycogen

Question 18

granules of POLYHOSPHATE, produced when there are large reserves of inorganic phosphate

Answer 18

Volutin/metachromic/Babes-Ernst granules

Question 20

Bacterial form with no cluster arrangement.

Answer 20

Rods/ Bacillus

Question 22

Bacterial form with single turn, comma-shaped

Answer 22

Curved/Vibrio

Question 24

this is unique in bacterial cell wall

Answer 24

diaminopimelic acid

Question 25

Dormant but viable state of bacterium

Answer 25

SPores

Question 27

Three main components of bacterial cell.

Answer 27

cell surface, cytoplasm, appendages

Question 29

Component unique to G-

Answer 29

outer membrane

Question 30

Bacterial form that may occur singly, in chains, or in clusters.

Answer 30

Spherical/Coccus

Question 31

responsible for virulence and negative charge of cell surface in G+

Answer 31

techoic acid

Question 32

Immediate precursor of lysine in bacterial biosynthesis

Answer 32

Diaminopimelic acid

Question 34

may confer resistance to antibiotics

Answer 34

plasmid

Question 35

Flagella arrangement: flagella all over bacteria

Answer 35

peritrichous

Question 36

With thick walls (G +/-)

Answer 36

G+

Question 37

Very short bacilli, appearing like cocci

Answer 37

coccobacilli

Question 38

with more complex cell envelope (G +/-)

Answer 38

gram -

Question 39

with periplasmic space (G +/-)

Answer 39

G-

Question 40

May be regular or irregular, with hook on one end or both ends

Answer 40

Spiral

Question 41

Flagella are thread-like structures composed entirely of what protein subunit?

Answer 41

Flagellin

Question 42

murein sacculus is aka?

Answer 42

peptidoglycan layer

Question 43

infolding of the membrane, contain circular or tubular structures attached to DNA chromatin, for cell division/replication

Answer 43

Mesosomes

Question 44

petidoglycan layer is an alternating units of what sugar molecules?

Answer 44

N-acteyl-D.-muramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

Question 45

Plasma membrane:eukaryotes= \_\_\_\_\_\_:prokaryotes

Answer 45

cytoplasmic membrane