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MICROBIOLOGY 1.0 > 1.8 Cytokines and Complement System > Flashcards

1.8 Cytokines and Complement System Flashcards

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1
Q

refers to the decrease in serum levels of complements due to the utilization of Antigen-antibody complex

A

Complement fixation

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2
Q

4 major effects of Complement Pathway and the respective complement proteins that mediate each

A

Opsonization: C3b Chemotaxis: C5a Anaphylatoxins: C5a and C3a Cytolysis: C5b6789 (MAC)

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3
Q

trimolecular complex that activates C4 and C2 (Lectin Pathway)

A

MBL MASP-1 MASP-2

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4
Q

Functions of TNF @ moderate levels include (6)

A

Pyrogenic (with IL-1) induce Phagocytes to secrete IL-1 and 6 Hepatocyte secretion of Amyloid A protein (acute phase protein) Cachexia Bone marrow suppression Coagulation cascade activation

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4
Q

give the hematopoietic preogenitors that these cytokines act on: IL-7 Il_9 IL-11

A

IL-7: B lymphocyte lineage IL-9: T cell Lineage;Mas cell progenitors IL-11: Megakaryocytes

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4
Q

The final product of all 3 complement pathways

A

C5 convertase

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5
Q

Functions of TNF @ low levels

A

Local: expression of adhesion molecules and MHC1

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6
Q

acts on the most immature marrow progenitors; also promotes mast cell development

A

IL-3

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6
Q

(3) Controls of Amplification loop and the complement they inhibit

A

Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF): C3bBb Complement Receptor 1 (CR1): C3b Factor H: C3b

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7
Q

TNF secretion is triggered by what antigen/foreign body

A

gram (-) bacteria or LPS (Endotoxin)

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8
Q

facilitates the degradation of C4b via Factor I and prevents association of C2 with C4b

A

C4 binding protein (CF-BP)

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9
Q

potent activator of Neutrophils

A

lymphotoxin

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10
Q

Requirement of most cellular responses to cytokines. (2)

A

new mRNA protein synthesis

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10
Q

its net effect is to inhibit T cell mediated immune inflammation

A

IL-10

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10
Q

major sites of complement protein synthesis (2)

A

Liver and Phagocytic cells

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12
Q

Mediators of natural immunity. (5)

A

Type 1 IFN TNF IL-1 IL-6 Cytokines/Chemokines

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12
Q

Complement denaturation that leads to loss of hemolytic activities

A

Complement inactivation

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13
Q

Major Pathways of Complement cascade

A

Classical Pathway Mannose-binding Lectin Pathway Alternative Pathway

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15
Q

4 principal effect/actions of type 1-IFN

A

increase lytic activity of NKcells expression of MHC-1 Inhibits viral replication inhibits cell proliferation (IFN a & IFN B)

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16
Q

temperature and duration at which complements are rendered inactive

A

50 Celsius fro 30 mins

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16
Q

what are the components of the C5 convertase? (classical pathway)

A

C4bC2aC3b

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17
Q

protects C3b and stabilizes C3 convertase of the alternative pathway

A

Properdin/Factor P

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18
Q

What is the main Physiologic fxn of IL-4

A

regulator of allergic reaction

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19
Q

components of C5 convertase (alternative pathway)

A

C3BbC3b

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20
Type II IFN differs from Type I IFN due to?
IFN stimulates MHC1 and MHC2 expression secreted by T-cells directly promote B-cell and T-cell differentation
21
what makes up the Membrane Attack Complex/
C5b6789
22
IL-6 potentially act on what 2 cell lines and what are its effects?
B cells: activator/GF Hepatocytes: synthesis of plasma proteins (e.g fibrinogen)
22
what is complement activation?
the alteration of C protein from a proenzyme cleaved to form an active enzyme
22
activators of the Alternative pathway
complex chemicals infectious agents tumor cells X-ray opaque media dialysis membranes
23
A leukocyte interferon.
IFN-alpha
24
What are the functions of IL-12? (3)
most potent NKcell stimulator stimulates naive THcells into Th1 cells stimulates naive CD8+ cells into a mature CTL's
25
Which component of the C1 binds to the Fc portion of Antibodies?
C1q
26
the most potent signal for the release of type 1-IFN
Viral infection
27
True or False. TGF-Beta is a lymphocyte Inhibitor
True
28
This property is exhibited by cytokines which allow them to react directly with many different types of target cells.
Pleiotropism
29
reduces the amount of C5 convertase by cleaving C3b and C4b
Factor I
30
what prevents the binding of C5b67 to other bystander cell that causes damage?
Protein S (vitronectin)
31
Regulators of lymphocyte activation, growth and differentiation. (3)
IL-2 IL-4 Transforming Growth Factor-beta
32
complement proteins are designated by "a" and "b" when cleaved which corresponds to a smaller component and a bigger component respectively, EXCEPT?
C2 (a is bigger than b fragnent)
34
3 principal actions of IL-2
Promotes differentation/growth of T cells (G1-S phase promoter) Stimulates Ab prod'n Stimulates NK cells to become LAK cells (Lymphokine Activated Killer cells)
35
T/F. C1 is activated when it binds to Fc portion of the Ab whether or not the Ab is attached to an Antigen.
False. activated only when Ab is attached to Ag.
36
dissociates C1 from C1s and C1q
C1 inhibitor
37
C1 cleaves C4 and C2 to produce
C3 convertase (C4bC2a)
39
Principal action is to activate eosinophils for anti-helminth
IL-5
40
what are released during low IL-1 levels?
IL-1 and IL-6 + local inflammation
41
components of C3 convertase (alternative pathway)
C3bBb
43
also known as T cell growth factor (TCGF)
IL-2
44
which specific IgG subclass does not participate in the complement cascade activation?
IgG4
45
Complement Anaphylatoxins
C4a. C3a, C5a
46
Complement Opsonins
C3b, C4b
47
the initial step in the spontaneous activation of Alternative pathway
hydrolysis of C3 to C3i
48
Complement protein that is a prokinin
C2b
50
A fibroblast interferon.
IFN-beta
51
What secretes IL-2
TH cells (CD4+)
52
Act as regulators of cell division.
Growth factors
54
Cytokine stimulators of Hematopoiesis (6)
C-kit ligand IL-3 IL-7 IL-9 IL-11 GM-CSF
56
Cytokine/Chemokine that predominantly act on Neutrophils as mediators of acute inflammation
IL-8
57
IL-1 is secretion is mediated primarily by?
Activated Mononuclear Phagocytes
58
Cytokines are produced during what phase of natural and specific immunity?
Effector phase
60
what does IL-4 inhibit?
macrophage activation
61
principal cytokine that stimulates class switching of Bcells
IL-4
62
Will introduction of carboxypeptidase B result to the termination of the complement pathway (yes/No)
No. because it only inactivates C3a (which is not required in the propagation of the cascade)
63
Serve to mediate and regulate immune and inflammatory responses
Cytokines
64
what are released/effected during HIGH IL-1 levels?
Pyrogenic response (fever) Hepatocye secretion of APR's Cachexia (muscle wasting)
65
Cytokine secretion is ____ (brief/long) and ____ (self-limited/not self-limited).
Brief and self-limited
66
the two Ab that are able to fix complement in the classical pathway
IgG and IgM
67
Summarize all the CYTOKINES.
JOKE :)
68
a cytokine that interacts with Tyrosine Kinase; needed to make stem cells responsive to other CSF's
C-kit Ligand
69
Regulators of Immune-mediated inflammation. (5)
IFN-y (gamma) Lymphotoxin IL-10 IL-5 IL-12
70
what cell produces IL-5?
TH2 cells, Mast cells

MICROBIOLOGY 1.0 (6 decks)

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