1.2 carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

macromolecules

A

e large molecules that o$en have
complex structures.

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2
Q

polymers

A

long chain-like
substances composed of many smaller molecules that are linked together by covalent bonds.

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3
Q

monomers

A

the smallest
repeating unit of a
polymer

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4
Q

what are the 4 types of macromolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids.

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5
Q

what are 2 examples of carbohydrates

A

Sugars and starches

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6
Q

monosaccharides

A

a
carbohydrate
composed of between
three and seven carbon
atoms

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7
Q

disaccharide

A

a
carbohydrate
composed of two
monosaccharides
joined by a covalent
bond

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8
Q

isomer

A

one of two or
more molecules with
the same number and
type of atoms, but
different structural
arrangements

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9
Q

Examples of common monosaccharides

A

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

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10
Q

why are Glucose, Fructose, Galactose isomers of each other

A

the different structures of these
molecules results in them having very di#erent three-dimensional shapes. !ese di#erences
are enough for the molecules to be treated very di#erently by your body and in the cell.

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11
Q

glycosidic linkage

A

the covalent bond between
monosaccharides

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12
Q

why are Some people lactose-intolerant

A

result from body cells being unable
to digest (break down) lactose into its monosaccharide monomers.

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13
Q

polysaccharide

A

a
carbohydrate polymer
composed of many
monosaccharides
joined by covalent
bonds between
particular atoms

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14
Q

Many
monosaccharides can join together by

A

glycosidic linkages

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15
Q

three common polysaccharides are

A

starch, glycogen, and cellulose. All
three are composed of monomers of glucose.

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16
Q

how do Plants store
glucose

A

in the form of starch

17
Q

in what form do animals store glucose

A

in the form of glycogen

18
Q

What function do cellelolous carry out

A

it provides structural support in
plant cell walls

19
Q

how are the type of glycosidic linkage between monomers of cellulose is different
from the type for starch and glycogen.

A

the different linkages are possible because the
hydroxyl group on carbon-1 of glucose can exist in two different positions. these positions
are referred to as alpha and beta. the alpha form results in starch
and glycogen, while the beta form results in cellulose.

20
Q

branch type of starch

A

moderately branched

21
Q

branch type of glycogen

A

highly branched

22
Q

branch type of cellulose

A

unbranched