1.2 nucleic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

nucleic acid

A

biological
macromolecules
composed of
nucleotide monomers

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2
Q

DNA
(deoxyribonucleic
acid)

A

a biological
macromolecule
composed of
nucleotides containing
the sugar deoxyribose

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3
Q

RNA (ribonucleic
acid)

A

a biological
macromolecule
composed of
nucleotides containing
the sugar ribose

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4
Q

nucleotide

A

an organic
molecule composed
of a sugar bonded to a
phosphate group and
a nitrogen-containing
base

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5
Q

what are the two types of nucleic acids

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA
(ribonucleic acid).

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6
Q

DNA contains the genetic information of

A

an organism

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7
Q

what is DNA information interpreted or decoded into

A

particular amino acid sequences of proteins, which carry out
the numerous functions in the cell

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8
Q

the conversion of genetic information that is stored in

A

DNA

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9
Q

a nucleotide is made up of three components that are covalently
bonded together:

A
  • a phosphate group
  • a sugar with five carbon atoms
  • a nitrogen-containing base
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10
Q

the nucleotides in DNA contain the sugar

A

deoxyribose

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11
Q

the nucleotides in RNA contain the sugar

A

ribose

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12
Q

what are the four different types of nitrogenous bases in DNA

A

adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)

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13
Q

what are the four different types of nitrogenous bases in RNA

A

all but one of these same
bases is used. !e exception is that thymine is replaced by the base uracil (U).

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14
Q

polymer of nucleotides is o$en referred to as

A

strand

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15
Q

the covalent bond between
adjacent nucleotides is called a

A

phosphodiester bond

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16
Q

phosphodiester bond, and it occurs between

A

the phosphate
group on one nucleotide and a hydroxyl group on the sugar of the next nucleotide in the
strand.

17
Q

DNA is composed of two strands twisted
about each other to form a

A

double helix.

18
Q

bases are said to be complementary to each other in DNA ARE

A

Thymine (T) base pairs with adenine (A), and
guanine (G) base pairs with cytosine (C).