1.2 nucleic acids Flashcards
nucleic acid
biological
macromolecules
composed of
nucleotide monomers
DNA
(deoxyribonucleic
acid)
a biological
macromolecule
composed of
nucleotides containing
the sugar deoxyribose
RNA (ribonucleic
acid)
a biological
macromolecule
composed of
nucleotides containing
the sugar ribose
nucleotide
an organic
molecule composed
of a sugar bonded to a
phosphate group and
a nitrogen-containing
base
what are the two types of nucleic acids
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA
(ribonucleic acid).
DNA contains the genetic information of
an organism
what is DNA information interpreted or decoded into
particular amino acid sequences of proteins, which carry out
the numerous functions in the cell
the conversion of genetic information that is stored in
DNA
a nucleotide is made up of three components that are covalently
bonded together:
- a phosphate group
- a sugar with five carbon atoms
- a nitrogen-containing base
the nucleotides in DNA contain the sugar
deoxyribose
the nucleotides in RNA contain the sugar
ribose
what are the four different types of nitrogenous bases in DNA
adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)
what are the four different types of nitrogenous bases in RNA
all but one of these same
bases is used. !e exception is that thymine is replaced by the base uracil (U).
polymer of nucleotides is o$en referred to as
strand
the covalent bond between
adjacent nucleotides is called a
phosphodiester bond
