1.2 lipids

Question 1

why are lipids hydrophobic

Answer 1

lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, but lipids
have fewer oxygen atoms and a significantly greater proportion of carbon and hydrogen
bonds. As a result, lipids are hydrophobic

Question 1

lipid

Answer 1

a biological
macromolecule
composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms, with a high
proportion of non-polar
carbon–hydrogen
bonds

Question 2

why are lipids efficient energy source

Answer 2

the presence of many energy-rich C–H bonds makes lipids efficient energy-storage
molecules.

Question 3

why are lipid energy less accessible to cells

Answer 3

Because lipids store energy in hydrocarbon chains

Question 4

how are Lipids crucial to life in many ways

Answer 4

lipids insulate against heat loss,
they form a protective cushion around major organs, and they are a major component of
cell membranes. In non-human organisms, lipids provide water-repelling coatings for fur,
feathers, and leaves.

Question 5

triglyceride

Answer 5

a lipid
molecule composed of
a glycerol molecule and
three fatty acids linked
by ester bonds

Question 6

fatty acid

Answer 6

a
hydrocarbon chain
ending in a carboxyl
group

Question 7

how is there a ester linkage in triglyceride

Answer 7

the bond between the hydroxyl group on a glycerol molecule and the
carboxyl group on a fatty acid is called an ester linkage, because it results in the formation
of an ester functional group.

Question 8

what are two types of fatty acids

Answer 8

saturated or unsaturated

Question 9

saturated fatty acids

Answer 9

saturated fatty
acid has no double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 10

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 10

unsaturated fatty acid has one
or more double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 11

Triglycerides containing unsaturated fatty acids, such as —————-are generally
liquid oils at room temperature.

Answer 11

olive oil or canola oil

Question 11

phospholipid

Answer 11

a lipid
composed of a glycerol
molecule bonded to
two fatty acids and a
phosphate group with
an R group

Question 12

Triglycerides containing
saturated fatty acids, such as ———are solid at room temperature.

Answer 12

lard and butter

Question 13

A diet high in saturated fat is linked with

Answer 13

heart disease

Question 14

lipid bilayer

Answer 14

a
structure with
hydrophilic “heads” of
phospholipids directed
toward the aqueous
environment and
hydrophobic “tails”
directed toward the
centre, interacting with
each other

Question 15

how is the dual character of a phospholipid essential to its function in living organisms

Answer 15

In
aqueous environments, phospholipids form a lipid bilayer. In a
phospholipid bilayer, the hydrophilic heads face the aqueous solution on either side of the
bilayer. !e tails form a hydrophobic interior.

Question 16

steroid

Answer 16

a lipid
composed of four
attached carbon-based
rings

Question 17

what is testosterone

Answer 17

regulates sexual function and aids in building bone and muscle mass

Question 18

what is estrogen

Answer 18

regulates sexual function in females, and acts to increase the storage of fat

Question 19

wax

Answer 19

lipids composed
of long carbon-based
chains that are solids at
room temperature

Question 20

what is the function of waxes in plants

Answer 20

In plants, waxes coat
the surfaces of leaves, preventing water and solutes from escaping and helping to repel
insects.

Question 21

what is the function of waxes in animals (especificaly on one animal)

Answer 21

Waxes are present on the skin, fur, and feathers of many animal species and on the
exoskeletons of insects. in wales the head of the animal is filled with wax organ. Whales can generate sound from this
organ, which can be used for sonar to locate prey

Question 22

functions of lipids(prob easier to remember SHIPS)

Answer 22

Storage and source of energy, Hormonal roles, Insulation, Protection, Structural components

Question 23

what are the 3 types of lipids

Answer 23

triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids and waxes