12. CPR Automonics

Question 1

SA node parasym innervation:

Via:

Receptor:

Action:

Effect:

Answer 1

Via: Vagus N

Receptor: Muscarinic

Action: decrease rate of depol

Effect: slow HR

Question 2

SA node sym innervation

Via:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 2

Via: fibers from T1-T5
Receptor: Beta-1
Action: increase rate of depol
Effect: increase HR

Question 3

AV node parasym innervation

Via:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 3

Via: Vagus N
Receptor: Muscarinic
Action: decrease slope of pacemaker potential & depol rate during phase 0
Effect: decrease conduction velocity thru AV node/ventricles

Question 4

AV node sym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 4

Source: T1-T5
Receptor: Beta-1
Action: increase rate of depol during phase 0 & pacemaker potential
Effect: incresae conduction velocity thru AV node

Question 5

Atrial myocyte parasym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 5

Source: vagus N
Receptor: muscarinic
Action: decrease Ca into myocyte
Effect: decrease atrial contractilty & maybe ventricular contractility too

Question 6

Atrial & ventricular myocyte sym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 6

Source: T1-T5
Receptor: Beta 1
Action: increase Ca into myocytes
Effect: increase myocyte contractility (cardiac M pumps harder)

Question 7

Cerebral vasculature sym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 7

Source: local
Receptor: Alpha-1
Action: contraction of vascular smooth M
Effect: vasoconstriction

Question 8

when is cerebral vasculature stimulated by the sym system

Answer 8

systemic BP = high enough to damage cerebral capillaries

-constrictionof the small As decrease blood flow thru caps to protect them

Question 9

Coronary A parasym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 9

Source: vagus N
Receptor: muscarinic
Action: relax smooth M
Effect: vasodilate and increase coronary blood flow

Question 10

Coronary A symp innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 10

Source: T1-T5
Receptor: alpha-1
Action: contract smooth M
Effect: vasoconstrict to decrease blood flow (short lived)

Question 11

why is vasoconstriction of coronary A short lived

Answer 11

bc this will increase metabolic need

and lead to vasodilation that overcomes the sym effect

Question 12

cutaneous vasculature sym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 12

Source: multiple
Receptor: alpha 1
Action: contract vascular smooth M
Effect: vasoconstrict

Question 13

how are sweat glands innervated

Answer 13

sympathetic muscarinic

relax vascular smooth m

–> vasodilate to increase primary sweat production

Question 14

skeletal M vasculature sym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 14

Source: multiple
Receptor: alpha 1 & beta 2
Action: alpha 1- contract vascular smooth M & beta-2 relax it
Effect: alpha 1: vasoconstrict

beta 2: vasodilate

Question 15

splanchnic vessels sym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 15

Source: T5-L2
Receptor: alpha 1
Action: contract vascular smooth m
Effect: vasoconstriction of splanchnic BV

Question 16

which ganglion are involved in the splanchic vessel sym innervation

Answer 16

celiac ganglion

superior mesenteric ganglion

inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 17

when do splanchnic vessels vasodilate

Answer 17

when sym activity is decreased

Question 18

sym innervation of Vs

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 18

Receptor: alpha 1, 2 & beta 2
Action:

1. alpha 1: contract venous smooth m
2. alpha 2 & beta 2: relax it

Effect:

1. alpha 1: contract V –> increase blood return to heart
2. alpha 2/beta: dilate –> slow return to heart

Question 19

pulmonary vasculature parasym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 19

Source: vagus
Receptor: muscarinic
Action: direct = produce NO and release from endothelial cells & indirect = use NO & relax vascular smooth M
Effect: vasodilation

Question 20

where is pul vasculature innervated more

Answer 20

most: extrapul As (pul A and pul trunk)

decrease as you move closer to alveoli

Question 21

pul vasculature sym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 21

Source: first 5 thoracic ganglia
Receptor: primarily alpha 1 but also have beta 1 & beta 2
Action: alpha 1: contract vascular smooth M & beta 1/2: relax it
Effect: alpha 1- vasocontrict

beta 1/2 vasodilate

Question 22

how else can ANS activity be activated for pul vasculature

Answer 22

mechanoreceptors - detect distention

& exposure to cold air or hypoxia

Question 23

nasal mucosa parasym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 23

Source: trigemial N and sphenopalatine ganglion
Receptor: muscarinic
Action: vasodilate
Effect: increase mucus secretion

Question 24

nasal mucosa sym innervation

Source:
Receptor:
Action:
Effect:

Answer 24

Source: superior cervial ganglia via CN VII
Receptor: alpha 1
Action: indirectly contract smooth M
Effect: reduce mucus production

Question 25

lower airway, extrinisic parasym innervation Source: Receptor: Action: Effect:

Answer 25

Source: vagus N Receptor: muscarinic Action/Effect: bronchoconstriction & increased mucus synthesis

Question 26

lower airways (bronchial), extrinsic sym innervation Source: Receptor: Action: Effect:

Answer 26

Source: T1-T5 Receptor: beta 2 Action: relax bronchial smooth M Effect: bronchodilation & slightly increase secretions

Question 27

what are the vascular components of the bowman's capsule

Answer 27

afferent arterioles: blood flow to glomerular capillaries glomerular capillaries: deliver blood/plasma so plasma can be filtered efferent arterioles: blood flow out of glomerular capillaries

Question 28

what is the vascular component of the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 28

peritubular capillaries: secrete substance into proximal convoluted tubules to be excreted in urine & reabsorb things that were filtered out but are actually needed ( = efferent arterioles are broken down into these)

Question 29

what is the vasa recta

Answer 29

blood supply of the loop of henle = secrete Na, Cl & K & reabsorb h2o to keep interstitium concentrated

Question 30

what is the blood supply os the distal convoluted tubule/collecting duct

Answer 30

perituular capillaries = reabsorb Na & h2o hormonally controlled by ADH & Aldosterone

Question 31

kidney vasculature sym innervation Receptor: Action: Effect:

Answer 31

Receptor: alpha adrenergics Action: contract vascular smooth M Effect: vasoconstrict - renal A, afferent & efferent arterioles ==\> decrease blood flow to kidney--\> decrease urine production

Question 32

justaglomerular apparatus sym innervation Receptor: Action: Effect:

Answer 32

=granule cells of afferent arterioles Receptor: Beta-1 Action: increase release of renin Effect: 1. increase angiotensin & angiotensin II production 2. angiotensin cuases increased releast of aldosterone 3. aldosterone increases Na reabsorption & release ADH 4. ADH increase h2o resorptio ==\> INCREASE BLOOD VOLUME