Adenovirdae and Prions Flashcards
- Family Adenoviridae
Adenoviridae DNA viruses were first recovered from human _____ (____) tissue in 1953
Circo = _____ confirmaton
cyclo small known
both comprised of animal viruses
see first slide
adenoid, lump, circular
General Properties of Adenoviruses
- **_____ genera: Mastadenovirus, Aviadenovrus,
Atadenovirus, Ichtadenoviru, and Siadenovirus -
Virions are non-_____, _____ in outline, ______ symmetry. ___-___ nm in diameter
**One Fiber gene: _______
**Two fiber genes: ______
** Genome: _____, _____ molecule ___DNA and is ___-__ kb in size. The genome has _____ terminal repeats.
**Replication occurs in the _____ and forms _______ inclusion bodies.
Adenovirus _______ some types of RBCs
Some adenoviruses are _______ in laboratory animals but not in their _____ hosts
Five, enveloped, hexagonal, icosahedral, 70-90 , Mastadenovirus, Aviadenovirus, Single, linear, ds, 26-48, inverted, nucleus, intranuclear, agglutinates, oncogenic, natural
Mastadenovirus
Aviadenovirus
EM of?
Structure of Adenovirus-Virion Polypeptides
Capsid have ___ polypeptides
- Hexon protein
- Penton base
- Link adjacent facets
Bridge between hexons and VII
- Fiber
- Stabilize hexon
capsomere lattice
Core have ___ polypeptides
V Bridge between penton and core
VII Major core protein
TP Attach the viral genome to
nuclear matrix
Circularization of viral DNA
Primer for DNA replication
Mu Unknown function
7, 4
`
Old classification
chicken, goose, duck, turkey, pigeon
Relisten
New Classification
New classification from serology
Sequencing –> identify and cluster viruses together
Now based on new variants
Adenovirus Genome Structure and Organization
* __ origins of replication - ___
* Transcription Units
* __ “early” (E1A, E1B, E2, E3, E4)
* __ “delayed early” (IVa2 and IX)
* ___ major late -> (L1-L5
2 , ITR, 5, 2, 1
Adenovirus- replication cycle
- ____ and ___ phases of replication
- ____-prone process
-Inclusion bodies in ____
- ____ ____ determines target cell specificity & attachment
-Releases the viral capsid in the _____ then transferred into the ____
Viral DNA enters host cell ____
Early, late, Error, nucleus, Fiber protein, cytosol, nucleus, nucleus
CAR = ?
Coxsackieviruses/adenovirus receptors
Replication of Adenoviruses
** Fiber + CAR (coxsackieviruses/adenovirus) receptors
**Virus attaches to host receptors though the _____ _______ and is endocytosed into vesicles in the host
cell
* Disruption of the ______ releases the viral capsid in
the cytosol. released into the nucleus
* Transcription of early genes (__ genes), replication of the
DNA genome in the ____
* Transcription of late genes (___ genes), mostly encoding
for ______ ____
* Assembly of new virions in the _____
* Virions are released by ____ of the cell
fiber glycoproteins, endosome, E, nucleus, L, structural proteins, nucleus, lysis
CAR: Coxsackieviruses/adenovirus receptors
Types of Adenovirus infection
**I- Lytic: Results in cell ____; seen in ________ cells
**II-Latent/occult: Virus _____ in host cell; seen in _____ tissue, Groups ___ and __
**III- Oncogenic Transformation _______ cell growth and replication occur; Group ___ viruses in _____.
death, mucoepithelical, remains, lymphoid, B, C, Uncontrolled, A, hamsters
Name the types of Adenoviruses identified in dogs.
- Infectious canine hepatitis (canine adenovirus 1)
- Infectious canine tracheobronchitis (canine adenovirus 2).
Name the types of Adenoviruses identified in chickens.
- 12 serotypes of aviadenovirus: fowl adenovirus 1-11, 8a and 8b
- 1 serotype of atadenovirus: egg drop syndrome
- 1 serotype of siadenovirus: adenovirus-associated splenomegaly
Canine
Infectious Canine Hepatitis-(ICH) is a ______ contagious viral disease affecting the ____ and other _____. It is caused by _______, an _____ distinct virus. Dr. ______ distinguished it from CDV by inoculation into a ____ (resistant to ICH but not to CDV).
Spread only among domestic and wild dogs such as wolves, coyotes, and foxes and is not related to human hepatitis
Signs: range from mild to severe, and include pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, loss
of appetite, jaundice, light-coloured stool, and stomach enlargement
PM: vascular endothelial damage leads to petechial hemorrhage on mucous
membranes and sometimes skin
Swollen, mottled liver with rounded lobular edges and gall bladder edema
are characteristic features of ICH in dogs
Intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes
Highly, liver, organs, Canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), antigenically, Rubarth, ferret
Infectious Canine Hepatitis-(ICH)
Rubarth’s diseses
Clotting time based on liver function; hepatitis –> reflected on clotting time
Blue eye
Explained uveitis
***Pathogenesis of Canine adenovirus-1
* ___-___ infection followed by replication in ____ and ____ ____, other lymphatic tissues and viremia
* Virus then replicates in _____ cells in many organs, and in hepatocytes, endothelial cells of ____ glomeruli and
the ____ and _____
* As well as acute disease, persistent infection of the kidneys and immune complex formation can lead to ______
** Immune complexes also may cause ____ and ____ inflammation (____ eye)
* Persistently infected dogs may shed virus in their ____ for up to __ months
Oro-nasal, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, vascular, renal, cornea, uvea, glomerulonephritis, corneal, uveal, blue, urine, 6
What can be seen here?
immune complexes
Mechanism of Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) induced blue eye in dogs
** Blue eye, if seen, occurs __-__ weeks after acute signs have ______ due to
immunologic damage of the _____ epithelium
** A: CAV-1 enter the eye via ____ tract then localized in _____ endothelial cells
causing ____.
*** B: CAV-1 specific _____ response increase in the ____ and reach to the eyes via _____ ____.
** C: CAV-1 free in the ____ and _____ cells and forming viral-antibody ____ complex
* D: Complement fixation on virus immune complex free and endothelial cells and viral
antibody complex formation and intranuclear inclusion body formation
* E: Close up showing of the endothelium and aqueous pump leading to influx of aqueous
to the cornea
* F: Corneal endothelial cell loss allows aqueous to enter the cornea causing corneal
oedema (Blue eye)
* G: Uveal inflammation may lead to blockage of the filtration angel and subsequent
glaucoma
1-3, disappeared, corneal, uveal, vascular, uveitis, antibody, blood, uveal, duct, aqueous, endothelial, immune
Blue eye in dogs
Diagnosis and control of ICH
** _______ Ab (Abs ≥ __:___) response after __ days post-infection may be sufficient to clear the virus from ____ and resist the extent of ____ damage.
** Abs ≤ __:___ leads to ________ hepatic ___.
** Partial immunity ≥ __:___ and ≤ __:____ may develop _____ hepatitis in dogs
* The homologous vaccine is stronger than the _____ vaccine
* Treatment with _____ and ____
Neutralizing, 1: 500, 7, blood, hepatic, 1:4, widespread, necrosis, 1;16, 1: 500, chronic, heterologous, atropine, corticosteroids
Egg drop syndrome (EDS)
* Infectious disease of ____ hens: ____ shelled and shell- _____ eggs
* The natural hosts : ____ and ____, but may cause problems in _____ of all ages
* EDS: more severe in ______ breeders and ____ egg layer strains, less so in white egg breeds
* EDS : first introduced into chickens through _____ vaccine
* Transmission by
-Any of the _____ methods of disease spread
- Infected birds excrete the virus in the ___
- _____ transmission is considered the primary mode of
spread.
laying, thin, less, ducks, geese, chickens, broiler, brown, contaminated, conventional, feces, Vertical
EDS belongs to adenovirus
eggLoss of pigmentation
Shelless or deformed eggs
Egg drop syndrome
Clinical signs : -Loss of _____ in pigmented eggs
-Thin shelled or shell less eggs
-***Egg production drops by ___ %
* Virus isolation: duck or goose embryos or cell cultures of duck or goose origin harvested allantoic fluid or cell culture
checked for HA activity chicken RBC
* HI or neutralization assays are specific for this virus and do not cross-react with antibodies from aviadenovirus infections
* Control:
-Avoid contact of diseased with other birds, especially waterfowl
-Disinfecting all equipment regularly
-Inactivated vaccines before they begin laying eggs
colour, 40
EDS
Fowl Adenoviruses-Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH)
Incidence: _____
** Hosts: ______ avian species of __ ages, ____-type chickens
*** Transmission: ____ -> Stress, sex hormones
* SPF eggs ??
* Lateral Highest titer in feces
* Birds can be infected with one serotype
* Some Cross protection between serotypes 3&4/2&11
* Multiple serotypes involved (2, 8, 9 and 11)
** Clinical signs: Low _____
* Sudden onset of mortality peaking after 3-4 d usually stopping on day 5
*** Pathology:
* - _____ or _____ hemorrhages in ___ and ____ muscles
Worldwide, Domestic, all, meat, Vertical, morbidity, Petechial, ecchymotic, liver, skeletal
Fowl Adenoviruses-Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH)
Intranuclear inclusion bodies
Basophilic intranuclear (IN) inclusions
***
Hydropericardium-Hepatitis Syndrome, Angara Disease in broiler chicken
Diarrhea in top right
Cervine Adenovirus (Odocoileus Adenovirus-1
Epizootic severe diseases in black tailed deer
A: Severe pulmonary edema in experimentally infected
black-tailed deer
B-Intra-nuclear inclusion bodies in the lining of an
affected arterioles
Turkey Adenovirus-3
Quail Bronchitis Virus – Fowl Adenovirus A
Cervine Adenovirus (Odocoileus Adenovirus-1
Epizootic severe diseases in black tailed deer
Cervine Adenovirus (Odocoileus Adenovirus-1
Epizootic severe diseases in black tailed deer
A: Severe pulmonary edema in experimentally infected
black-tailed deer
B-Intra-nuclear inclusion bodies in the lining of an
affected arterioles
Adenoviral conjunctivitis
Early conjunctivitis (left) and Bilateral conjunctivitis (right)
Conversion of PRPC into PRPSCC
Could display clinical signs after a few years or later on
do not memorize
Describe BSE infection cycle
called scrabies in sheep
Mad Cow Disease (MCD)Clinical Signs
Mad cow disease
Scrapie in sheep
important!!!!!
-Spongiform changes in the grey matter
-Detection of abnormal protein
-IHC: gold standard technique in the detection of BSE
antibodies in tissues
