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Virology > Week 11 - Paramyxoviridae and Bornavirdae > Flashcards

Week 11 - Paramyxoviridae and Bornavirdae Flashcards

1
Q

1- Order: Mononegavirales
Mono= _____
Nega= _____ genome
Virales=virus
2. Family: Bornviridae, Rhabdovirdae, etc.

A

Single, RNA

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2
Q

Rabies virus falls under what order?

A

Mononegavirales

Para = big family, many viruses affecting many species.
Filo = ebola
rhabdo = rabies important

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3
Q
A

phylgenetic tree; pneumoviridae

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4
Q
A

phylogenetic tree

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5
Q
A

Went through bottom row of species viruses

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6
Q

What viruses fall under the genus Morbillivirus?

What viruses fall under the genus Avulavirus?

A

Measles, Canine distemper, rinderpest

Newcastle disease virus,
Avian paramyxovirus types 2-10

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7
Q
  1. Viruses apart of the family Paramyxoviridae replicate in which part of the cell?
  2. Viruses apart of the family Bornaviridae replicate in which part of the cell?
A
  1. Cytoplasm
  2. Nucleus
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8
Q

Morphology and structure –Paramyxoviruses
-_____________ covered with _____ spikes
Genome: single molecule of (____) sense ____-RNA (13-
19 Kb) in size
***__-__ ORFs encode 10-12 proteins (NP, P, M, F,
L, HN or H and G)
** ________ replication and _______ from plasma membrane
-_________ ribonucleoprotein
-_________18 nm in diameter
-RNA is a _______ molecule
-**_________ formation, __________ and ______________ inclusion bodies

A

Envelope, large, -Ve, SS, 7-8, Cytoplasmic, budding, Helical, Nucleocapsid, single, Syncytium, intracytoplasmic, intra-
nuclear

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9
Q
  1. What virus is pictured here?
  2. Label the image accordingly
A
  1. Paramyxovirus
  2. See image
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10
Q

What virus is pictured below?

A

Paramyxovirus

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11
Q
  1. What virus is pictured below?
  2. Label the image accordingly
A

See image

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12
Q
  1. What virus is pictured below?
  2. Label the image accordingly
A
  1. Paramyxovirus
  2. See image
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13
Q
  1. What virus is pictured below?
  2. Label accordingly
A
  1. Paramyxovirus
  2. See image for labels
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14
Q

Transcription and replication moves in what direction?

A
  1. 3’ to 5’
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15
Q

After transcription and translation, what happens to the Paramyxovirus?

A

Buds from plasma membrane and is released into the EC space.

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16
Q
A
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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Biological Properties of Paramyxoviridae
1. Cell fusion: cause cell _________, long recognized as _____ cell formation.
2. __________ infection: most paramyxoviruses can produce a __________ ________ infection of cultured cells.
**3. Antigenic properties: _____________, _________ ________, & _____________ viruses have related antigens. Examples of heterologous vaccines.
**Another antigenically related group includes mumps, parainfluenza, & NDV

A

fusion, giant, Persistent, persistent noncytocidal, Measles, canine distemper, Rinderpest

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

Newcastle Disease virus-NDV
* 1926: _____, Indonesia
– Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England
* Probable earlier outbreaks in Central Europe
* 1896: Western Scotland, cause of death of all chickens?
* 4 panzootics from 1926 to 1981
* Drop in ____ production
* ______ within 24-48 hours
* Deaths continue for 7-10 days
* _______ of head, especially around _____
** _______-dark ______ diarrhea
* ______ and _______ signs
* Signs vary with ______ and ______

A

Java, egg, Deaths, Edema, eyes, Greenish, watery, Respiratory, neurological, species, virulence

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21
Q

Newcastle Disease virus-NDV
** NDV: _____ serotype, __ pathotypes in USA
** NDV: infects ______, _______, and a large number of _____ and ____ birds, ____ birds may act as carriers
*** NDV economic impacts:
-High ________
- _______in body weight gain
-Decrease in ____ production
* **NDV-virulent strains are reportable and may result on _______ restrictions
* **NDV tropism may include
- _________ tract
- ____tract
- _______system
* NDV can be classified into three strains based on the pathogenicity
Multitropism or ? tropism

A

single, 3, chickens, turkeys, domestic, wild, sea, mortality, Decrease, egg, trade, Respiratory, GIT, Nervous

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22
Q
A
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23
Q
A

if there is a polyphasic AA at cleavage sight of ? gene = virulent
if neutral or ? = mild severity
Sequencing takes a few hours
Gene cleaved and becomes active

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24
Q

NDV classified according to their pathogenicity
NDV virulence/tropism and clinical based on clinical signs
**1. Doyle’s form: _____ _____ infection of all ages, ________ of digestive tract (VVNDV) very virulent newcastle disease virus
**2. Beache’s form: _____ often _____ infection of all ages. _______ and ________ signs
**3. Beaudett’s form:
Mesogenic NDV: ____ pathogenic form of NDV
Death in _______ birds due to ______ pathotype used as secondary vaccine
**4. Hitchner form: Lentogenic NDV
Mild _________ in apparent caused by __________ pathotype and used as live vaccine
**5. Asymptomatic enteric NDV
Enteric form is chiefly ____ infection with _______ virus

A

acute, lethal, hemorrhages, acute, lethal, Respiratory, neurological, less, young, mesogenic, respiratory, lentogenic, gut, lentogenic

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25
Q

***Classical Methods of the assessment of NDV virulence
1. The mean _____ time in chicken egg _____ (MDT)
2. ____________ Pathogenicity index (ICPI) in ____-old chick
3. ____________ Pathogenicity index (IVPI) in ___ week old chickens
4. ____________ Pathogenicity test in ___-___ week old chickens

A

death, embryo, Intracerebral, day, Intravenous, 6, Intracloacal, 6-8

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26
Q
  1. What virus is the bird in the image infected with ?
  2. if _______ or ______, need to raise a flag.
  3. if very virulent strain –> _____ birds
A
  1. Newcastle disease virus
  2. severe, moderate
  3. cull
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27
Q

Factors affecting severity f NDV infection
* Virulence of the virus: ______ virus more pathogenic
* ______ and ____ (some strains requires high doses of virus
to infect the host). ______ ages are much more seriously
affected
* ________ health conditions of the birds: presence of other ______ conditions (malnutrition, parasitism, and dampness lead to sever long term course of the disease
* _________ status of birds: presence of specific antibodies
prevent the introduction of NDV infection

A

virulent, Doses, age, Young, General, stress, Immune

geese are resistant and can not be infected easily.
can carry it over long distances and transmit it to turkeys, birds, and other domestic animals.

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28
Q
A
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29
Q
A

highly pathogenic

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30
Q
A

Hn = invading pathogen
image not being tested on

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31
Q
A

many genotypes; all new castle disease viruses but differ in genotypes

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32
Q

Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical
pictures of NDV infections in chickens
*** Initial replication occurs in the _______ of the _____ respiratory tract
* Primary viremia then disseminates the virus throughout the body
and parenchymal organs
* Secondary viremia and leads to the infection of the _____
* Morbidity: up to _____% Mortality: ____%
* Varies greatly depending on
– Virulence and strain
– Avian species and susceptibility of host
– Environmental conditions
– Vaccination history
* Some species show few or no signs
– Carrier state may exist
**- _______ and ______ in the ornamental outgrowth ( ______ & ______ (reason for cyanosis in wattles? _______ )

A

mucosa, upper, CNS, 100, 90, Cyanosis, edema, combs, wattles, Hypoxia

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33
Q
A

NDV
Mucos coming from nostrils, oral cavity
clear, green, etc.
wattles

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34
Q

***NDV-PM Lesions
__________ internal lesions
– Tracheal mucosa
– Proventriculus
– Intestinal mucosa
* Edema of the ___ and ____
* Edema, hemorrhage, necrosis or ulceration of ______ tissue
* Lesions vary with species and virulence

A

Hemorrhagic, head, neck, lymphoid

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35
Q
A

NDV

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36
Q
A

NDV
pinpoint hemorrhage between gizzard (three compartments in gizzard)

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37
Q
A

**

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38
Q

Clinical and pathological features of the
Velogenic Viscerotropic NDV

_____________ ______ in the brain of a chicken suffering from NDV.

A

Perivascular cuffing

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39
Q

Exotic NDV
* Exotic NDV not reported in ____ however, it is a reportable disease
* Viserotropic velogenic strain (VVNDV)
* Possible introduction by _________, ________ and ______-fowl population
outbreak
-2002-2003 Exotic NDV outbreak (CA, NV, AZ, tX)
-Game-fowl in Mexixo and CA
-3 million birds were euthanized
* VVNDV: shows hemorrhagic, ulcerative and necrotizing lesions in the _____ _________ and _________ tissues.

A

US, smuggling, backyard, game, GIT, epithelial, lymphoid

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40
Q
A

NDV

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41
Q

Diagnosis of NDV
 Samples from live birds:
 Swabs (__________, _______ swabs, ______ swabs) and sera
 Samples from dead birds: tissues (?)
Clinical signs and symptoms.
2. Lab tests include;
 Serological tests: ?
 Pathogenicity assessment: ______ test in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures.
 Mean _____ time.
 ____________ pathogenicity index.
 ____________ pathogenicity index.
* Detection of viral NA by ?

A

Tracheal, Cloacal, Faecal, Lung, kidneys, intestine, spleen,
brain, liver, and heart tissues

Haemagglutination inhibition test, Enzyme Linked
Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA), PCR & Sequence technology.

Plaque, death, Intracerebral, Intravenous, RT-PCR

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42
Q

Cultivation and isolation of NDV
 NDV is inoculated into 10-12 days hen embryonated eggs via ____ or ______ sac
 It produces __________ lesions and_________ & embryo dies within ___-___
hours.
 NDV grows well in ________ _________ fibroblast cell culture.
 Maximum titer is obtained after ___-__ hours.
 Titer of the virus in tissue culture is ____ log lower than that in embryonated egg.

A

CAM, allantoic, haemorrhagic, encephalitis, 34-72, chicken embryo, 24-36, one

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43
Q
A
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44
Q

Prevention and control of NDV
 Vaccines are administrated at __ to __ weeks of age or at ____ day
of age via conjunctival instillation
 _________-induced immunity is short-lived (8–10) weeks.
 _____ vaccine.
 __________ vaccine.
 ___________ (a proprietary virus antibody complex vaccine)
 Good ___________: avoid contact with any ________ birds of
unknown health status
 Strain variation in virulence
 Chickens vaccinated at 2 Wks of age by eye _____, or drinking ______ administration, or _____ with lentogenic strains (La
Sota, live attenuated)
 During outbreaks, _________ strain administered IM
 Boosted at 3-4 wks via drinking water/spray vaccination

A

2, 4, 1, Vaccine, Live, Inactivated, Newplex, biosecurity, feral, drops, water, spray, Mesogenic

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45
Q

Control of NDV
– There is _____ ________ treatment for Newcastle Disease
Prevention:
 ________ & ______ of all newly purchased birds for at least __ days.
 Transportation of birds in ____ or ______ containers.
 Restrict personnel movement between ____ and ____ birds.
 _________ of all surfaces and equipment.
 _________ of any destroyed birds and contaminated products.
 Removal of ______ and _____ (vectors).
 Control handling of bird ________, _____ and ______.

A

no known, Quarantine, isolation, 30, new, disinfected, new, old, Disinfection, Disposal, insects, mice, carcasses, litter, manure

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46
Q

NDV infection in Humans
*** _____ infections
– ___________, excessive _______, ______ of lids, _________, subconjunctival __________
– Usually transient, _____ not affected
– Lab workers and vaccination crews most susceptible
– No _______-to- ________ spread

A

Eye, Reddening, tearing, edema, conjunctivitis, hemorrhage, cornea, human, human

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47
Q
A

NDV - eye infections

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48
Q

What genuses fall under the family Avian Paramyxoviruses?

A

know genuses

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49
Q
A

Cells clumping –> cytopathic effect

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50
Q

Morbillivirus
Rinderpest (________ plaque)-RPV; affects ______ ruminants; eradicated in ____ but still present in other countries.
*** RP: an _____, _______ contagious, _____ disease of _____, domesticated ______ and most _____-footed wild animals
* Classical (acute) form of RP : the most lethal diseases of cattle, and can
have a catastrophic effect on naïve herds
* Transmission: _____ contact
– _____/______ secretions
– ______, _____, _______, and ____
* Contaminated ____ or ___
* Close Indirect contact with infected animals (____)
* Most infectious period: 1-2 days before clinical signs and 8-9 days
after onset of clinical signs
* No chronic carrier state
* Wildlife not a reservoir
** Eradicated from _____ and still exist in some part of ___, ____ and
_______ _____.
** Mortality may reach ____%

A

Cattle, large, US, acute, highly, viral, cattle, buffalo, cloven, Direct, Nasal, ocular, Feces, urine, saliva, blood, food, water, fomites, Europe, Asia, Africa, Middle east, 100

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51
Q
A

Rinderpest

52
Q

RP Clinical Signs
Incubation period (3-15 days, usually 4-5 days)
* Four forms of disease (Classic, Per-acute, Subacute, Atypical)
** Classic form (_______ form)
– ______, ___________, _____
– ___________ followed by hemorrhagic diarrhea
– _____ to _______ nasal/ocular discharge
– Necrosis and erosion of the ____ mucosa (lips, tongue, gums,
buccal mucosa, soft and hard palates).
– ________ lymph nodes
-Death in ____-___ days
* Isolation of the virus in a proper cell line
* Confirmation of the virus by _____/____ detection
-AGPT -ELISA -IP -IF - RT-PCR
* RP destroyed phenol, cresol, sodium hydroxide (2% for 24 hours)
and lipid solvents
** Outbreaks controlled with _________ and ________ controls.
* Vaccination: most commonly used vaccine (Cell-culture-adapted
vaccine)
* RP: eradicated from most of the regions around the world

A

acute, Fever, depression, anorexia, Constipation, Serous, mucopurulent, oral, Enlarged, 6-12, antigen, NA quarantines, movement

53
Q
A

RP
Zebra Stripes
most important pathology
When important intestines you can see this very clearly

54
Q

***Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPRV) Goat Plague disastrous disease of _______ ruminants”
* An acute or subacute viral disease of ____ & _____
** Clinical signs?
* Antigenically very similar to the ____
* PPR occurs in most African countries, Middle East and
India
** Morbidity ___-___% : Mortality ___-__%, can be up to ____%
* Transmission of PPR requires close contact
* The virus present in ocular, nasal, and oral secretions as
well as feces.
** Most infections occur through __________ of aerosols from _________ and _________ animals
** It does not infect __________

A

small, goats, sheep, Fever, erosive stomatitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia, RPV, 80-90, 50-80, 100, inhalation, sneezing, coughing, humans

55
Q
A

PPRV Clinical signs

56
Q

PPR-Prevention and control
** PPR virus destroyed by most _________ disinfectants
(Phenols, sodium hydroxide 2%, ether and Detergents).
** Affected area should be ________.
* Infected animals __________.
* __________ burned or buried.
* Import restrictions
* Tissue culture RP vaccine protects goats for at least 12 months
against PPR.
* Vaccine currently used in many African countries for
vaccination against PPR.

A

common, quarantined, slaughtered, Carcasses

57
Q

Morbillivirus-Canine distemper-CDV
** CDV seriously ________, ____ threatening disease of dogs
** CDV attacks the ____________, ________________ , ___________
systems
* CDV: infects wild carnivores such as ___ and _____
** Main route of infection: _______ droplet secretions from
infected animals ( _________ )
**** Some infected dogs may shed virus for several ___________
* _______ fever, peaks 3 to 6 days after infection.
* Dogs experience eye and nose discharge,
* Depression, and loss of appetite (anorexia).
* Many dogs experience gastrointestinal and respiratory
symptoms, such as:
**____________ (discharge from the eye)
- __________
** ________ (usually present but ________)
- ______________ (cough, difficult ___________)
**__________ (runny nose)
-Vomiting

A

contagious, life, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous, foxes, wolves aerosol, inhalation, months, Biphasic, Conjunctivitis, Diarrhoea, Fever, unnoticed, Pneumonia, breathing, Rhinitis

58
Q
A

CDV

59
Q

Clinical features of the CDV
* Two late forms of CDV infection in dogs
* _________ diseases (neurotropic)
* Acute _________: seizures and death
* Late ___________ __________ (rare) death
* __________ of foot-pad and nose
* Loss of tooth _____
*** ________ dermatitis

A

Neurologic, encephalomyelitis, demyelinating, encephalomyelitis, Hyperkeratosis, enamel, Pustular

60
Q
A

CDV
Some dogs present
hyperkeratosis of the
nose and foot-pads,
called as “hardpad

61
Q
A
62
Q
A

CDV

63
Q
A
64
Q

***Pathogenesis of CDV
1- CDV infection via _______ and colonized in ______ tissues
2-Primary CDV replication in the _______ tissues as in _____
3- CDV infects ____________ in lymphatic ducts
4- CDV enters the CNS via ________ circulation
5- CDV enters the CNS via _______ _____ and eventually the ___
6- Infection via ________ nerve by pyriform lobes of
the brain

A

aerosols, lymphoid, lymphoid, tonsils, macrophages, cerebral, choroid plexus, CSF, olfactory

65
Q
A

Pathogenesis of CDV

66
Q
A

walked through this

67
Q
A

ran through this

68
Q

Diagnosis of CDV
** Clinical specimens:
**-Live animals: _____ or _______ swabs, sera
***-Dead animals: lung, Lns, intestine, UB, kidenys, thymus, and spleen
* Detection of CDV antigen by ____ test (Standard Network Access Protocol)
* Virus isolation
* Seroconversion using paired serum samples: ELISA
* Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

A

tonsil, conjunctival, SNAP

69
Q
A
70
Q

***Diagnosis of CDV cont…
* Based on __________ _____
* Confirmed by histologic lesions (heavily __________ IBs in stained blood neutrophils or in smears from the _____ also aid in diagnosis) or
immunofluorescent assay for viral antigen in tissues.
* ELISA, PCR

A

clinical signs, pigmented, eye

71
Q
A

affects neurons?

72
Q

CDV-Control
* The best prevention against canine distemper is _________.
* Canine tissue culture-adapted vaccines
** _______ _____adapted-vaccines
*Live attenuated vaccines
**Vaccination at __ wks, ___-___ wks, ___X/year
**Immune _____ may be used prophylactically
**Antibiotics to treat _______ infections

A

vaccination, Chick embryo , 8, 12-16, 1, IgG, secondary

73
Q

Bovine Parainfluenza Type-3 virus (PI-3) aka ________ ____
* Genus: ______
** Distribution: various parts of the _____, ____ (50% seroprevalence)
** Transmission: _____
** Target cells: epithelial cells of the ___________ tract (alveolar cells)
** Signs: ?
** PI- ___ virus can be isolated from cattle with no apparent signs of disease

A

Shipping fever, Respirovirus, world, USA, aerosols, respiratory

high fever, conjunctivitis, respiratory distress, mucopurulent rhinitis,
pneumonia

-3

74
Q
A

Enzootic pneumonia: have cough
Went through this thoroughly

75
Q
A

do not knkw

76
Q
A

ran thorugh

77
Q

Canine Parainfluenza virus Type-2 (PI-2)
**major cause of _________ ______
* Infectious ____________
** Sudden onset of ______ fever, nasal _______, _____ non- _________ cough
** Localized infection in the _____ respiratory tract
* Infection with __________ _______ (80%), _______ ____ (10%)
** Vaccination: ?

A

Kennel cough, tracheobronchits, mild, discharge, harsh, productive, upper, Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine paraflu, CADV-2 and CPIV

78
Q

Porcine rubulavirus (PoRV) is also known as _____ ____ disease
** It is only known to occur in ____
* Characterized in _____ or _____ pigs by central nervous
system (CNS) signs
** PoRV is found in ______ secretions, _____, and _____
** The major route of transmission is ________ ______ (?)
* PoRV binds sialic acid-expressing cells and replicates in the
nasal mucosa and tonsil
* Spreads to the brain via cranial nerves proximal to the oral
cavity, and to other organs via the blood
** _____________ with __________ of the eyelids.
*** Corneal _______ (____ eye) in ____ or _____ eyes
* encephalomyelitis in both young and growing pigs
* **The hemagglutinating virus can usually be isolated from the ____ or ______ in PK-15 cells

A

Blue eye, swine, nursing, growing, nasal, urine, semen, direct contact, nose-to-nose, Conjunctivitis, adherence, opacity, blue, one, both, brain, tonsil

79
Q
A

Blue eye disease

80
Q

Sendai Virus - Murine Parainfluenza virus-1
** First observed when human ______ material was inoculated in
______ _____
* SeV naturally affects ?
* Limited disease in pigs has been attributed to SeV
* Highly contagious in rodents
* Signs - a ________ hair coat, _____ of eyes, _______,
mortality in adult, weight loss, and fetal resorption in pregnant.
* Immunocompetent animals that survive infection have no
persistent virus
* Antibodies persist throughout life

A

lung, lab mice, mice, rats, and hamsters, roughened, crusting, dyspnea

81
Q
A
82
Q

*****Atlantic salmon Paramyxovirus
* Seen in _________ - significant losses to the _______ industry
* _________ gill _______
* _______ of the gills with inflammation and proliferation of gill ______

A

Norway, aquaculture, Proliferative, inflammation, Pallor, epithelia

83
Q
A

Atlantic salmon Paramyxovirus
Look at the eyes and the gills

84
Q

Pneumoviridae
Pneumovirus - Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
* It causes an ________ ________ in calves
* Clinical sing: coughing, fever, anorexia, nasal discharge and respiratory distress.
* The pneumonia is characterized by _______, and ______ with multinucleated _____.
* The infected animals serve as reservoir of the disease and the virus is shed in the ______ _____ of the infected animals.
* Control by _______
-Administration of vaccines after MAB declines

A

acute pneumonia, bronchitis, alveolitis, syncytia, nasal secretions, vaccination

85
Q
A

BRSV

86
Q
A
87
Q
A

Will not ask clinical signs, but show us patterns that are abnormal

88
Q

Diagnosis of BRSV
* Virus ________
* Detection of ____
*____ -PCR
* Seroconversion (VNT), ELISA
* Histopathology: _______ and _____ formation
Lung: multinucleated syncytial cell prominent in the __________

A

isolation, BRSV, RT, bronchiolitis, syncytia, bronchioles

89
Q
A

***BRSV positive cells in tracheal wash IFA

90
Q
A

Lung: multinucleated syncytial cell
prominent in the bronchioles

91
Q
A

all of immunity
vaccine
MLV, maternally, paternally, immunity

92
Q

The Avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV)
* AMPV: Turkey Rhinotracheitis (TRT) or avian pnemovirus infection
of turkey
* ** ________ ______ syndrome (or avian rhinotracheitis) in _____ and ______ breeders
* Significant drop in ____ production in chickens and ducks
* Isolates of AMPV are currently grouped in subtypes A to D
* European subtypes A, B, and D are all more closely related to each other
than to subtype C
* Turkeys, chickens, and also ducks were shown to develop clinical signs
with different subtypes of avian metapneumovirus
* Typical respiratory signs of avian metapneumovirus in young turkeys
include:
-serous ocular and nasal discharge
-frothy eyes -conjunctivitis
* Virus detection and serology is necessary to diagnose avian
metapneumovirus infection
** Virus isolated after the inoculation of __-__ day-old embryonated
chicken or turkey eggs via the yolk sac route
***_____-PCR, tests targeting the ___, ___, or ___ gene of AMPV have been
developed
* Commercial ______ kits are available and are commonly used

A

Swollen head, broilers, broiler, egg, 6- to 8-, RT, F, N, or G, ELISA

93
Q
A
94
Q

Hendra Virus
* Formerly called : ?
** High mortality in _______ and _______
** Reservoir/natural host: _____ ____
* Zoonotic: BSL-___ lab
** Does not infect ?

A

Equine morbillivirus, horses, humans, fruit bats, 4, dogs, rats, mice or chicken

95
Q
A
96
Q
A
97
Q

Nipah virus (NiV)
** Nipah virus: genus;__________; family _______
** First report in 1999 in ______; respiratory and neurological diseases in ___ and ____
*** ______ virus
** Reservoir: ______ ____
** Foreign animal disease (BSL__) agent
* Human infection ranging from mild asymptomatic to fatal ______
* Case fatality rate: 40-75%
* Diagnosis:
-RT-PCR from body fluids
-ELISA to detect Abs
-Virus isolation

A

Henipavirus, Paramyxoviridae, Malaysia, pigs, man, Zoonotic, flying fox, 4, encephalitis

98
Q
A
99
Q
A
100
Q

Morbillivirus in marine mammals
** _____ types of morbilliviruses in marine mammals in US
CDV
**1. Phocine distemper virus (PDV) in ?
**2. _____ morbillivirus (DMV),
**3. ______ ____ morbillivirus (PWMV)
***4. _________ ______ ______ morbillivirus (LBWMV)
* Collectively referred to as _____ morbillivirus (CMV) in porpoise, dolphin and whales

A

Five, seals, sea otter, Dolphin, Pilot whale, Longman’s beaked whale , acetacen

101
Q
A

Phocine: true (earless) seals

102
Q

***Measles virus belongs to morbillavirus
* Highly __________ viral illness
* First described in 7th century
* Near universal infection of _________ in pre-vaccination era
* Common and often fatal in ___________ areas

A

contagious, childhood, developing

103
Q
A

Measles virus

104
Q

General properties of Borna Diseases virus
* Borna is a village in Germany
* Virion: 90 nm in diameter, spherical, enveloped with an inner core
* Borna disease - devastating epidemics of a naturally occurring,
infectious, usually _____, __________ disease of ______
* Genome:
* _____ stranded (____) sense, _____
*Size: 8.9 Kb in size
*Encodes 6 ORFs (?)
*Replication in the ______
* Infection of cell culture: ________ and _______ infection

A

fatal, neurological, horses, single, -VE, RNA, N, P, X, M, Glp, RdRp, nucleus, noncytolytic, persistent

105
Q
A
106
Q
  1. What virus is pictured below?
A
  1. Borna virus
107
Q
  1. Where do boranviruses replicate?
A
  1. in the nucleus
108
Q
  1. Transcription starts at what sites?
  2. Where does transcription end?
A
  1. S1 to S3
  2. T1 to T4
109
Q
A
110
Q
A
111
Q

Borna Disease
* Infectious _________ syndrome of ____-blooded animals
caused by Borna disease viruses __and ___(BoDV-1/2).
* Mortality is high in ______ that develop neurological
manifestations
** Virus replicates in both ____ and _____ cells, and ______
infection is characteristic of Borna disease virus infection
** Antibodies produced in response to Borna disease virus infection
are _____-_________, and do not contribute to disease pathogenesis.
* does not elicit a protective immune response; rather, infection
stimulates a ___-cell mediated immunopathologic reaction (a
delayed-type hypersensitivity response) that contributes to disease
progression
*** Principally affects x _____ matter (polioencephalomyelitis)
* Extensive _________ _______ with lymphocytes, macrophages,
and plasma cells
- Neuronal necrosis is not a feature - distinct ___________ _______ inclusions in neurons, called “_______ ________” bodies - pathognomonic

A

neurological, warm, 1, 2, horses, neurons, glial, persistent, non-neutralizing, T, T, perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic intranuclear, Joest-Degen

112
Q
A
113
Q
A

Borna disease

114
Q
A
115
Q
  • ABV: causative agent of _______________ __________ Disease in birds
  • Produce a non- __________ __________ in the gastro-intestinal tract and central nervous system.
A

Proventricular Dilatation, suppurative, ganglioneuritis

116
Q

PDS
First recognized in the early 1970’s, proventricular
dilatation disease (PDD) was originally called
“__________ ________ Disease”
* Diagnosis starts with a thorough exam
*____________ of a ______-like fluid is one of the classic signs of PDS
* Originally called “wasting disease” because these birds
would _____ weight, and we could palpate the prominent _____ bone from the breast

A

Macaw Wasting, Regurgitation, mucous, lose, keel

117
Q
A

PDS

118
Q

Avian Bornavirus
*_________ and __________ _______ involvement
* Major killer of the ______ in aviculture since 1970
* ABV identified as agent in 2008
* ABV transmission through what routes?

A

Neurological, digestive tract, parrots

(fecal oral route, airborne, and vertical) transmission

119
Q

Avian borna
Nervous, GIT signs

A
120
Q

Clinical and pathological features of avian
Bornavirus
* Severe enlargement of the proventriculus of a Parrot
* Samples from the brain, proventricular tissue or crop
***_______ or ________ contour feathers of birds produce the most
reliable samples
* ABV rELISA will test for immunological exposure to ABV
specific antigens
* ABV rtPCR will detect the presence of ABV specific RNA
* (A): Perivascular mononuclear infiltrate in the brain
* (B): Perivascular mononuclear infiltrate in the proventriculus
* (C ): Mononuclear infiltrate in and around the ganglia

A

Chest, breast

121
Q
A

***ABV: can infect nerve cells and
is classified with other diseases
such as Poliovirus, Herpes virus
and Rabies

122
Q
A

ABV: can infect nerve cells and
is classified with other diseases
such as Poliovirus, Herpes virus
and Rabies

123
Q
A

Avian bornavirus

124
Q
A

**Clinical and pathological features of avian Bornavirus
Distention and dilatation of the proventriculus

125
Q
A

Diagnosis of avian Bornavirus (ABV)
(A) IHC: detection of ABV-(P) protein of Psittacine birds in the Brain
* (B) IHC: detection of ABV-(P) protein of Psittacine birds in the SI
* (C) IHC: detection of ABV-(P) protein of Psittacine birds in the gizzard

126
Q

Staggering disease in cats
BDV in cats
** Isolated from the _____ nervous system (CNS) of cats with a ______ non-suppurative encephalomyelitis
* Ataxia, behavioral changes, and loss of postural reactions
**** Virus grew only in __________ ___ brain cells
** BDV-specific antigen was demonstrated in feline ____
samples both by immunohistochemistry and ELISA

A

central, spontaneous, embryonic mink, CNS

127
Q
A

BDV

Virology (17 decks)

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