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Terminology > Chapter 8 - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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2
Q

thoracic cavity

A

where heart is (AKA chest cavity)

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3
Q

mediastinum

A

cavity in thoracic, between lungs, that holds heart

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4
Q

pericardium

A

double-walled membrane surrounding heart

fibrous = external layer
serous = inner layer divided into parietal (lining wall) and epicardium (lining heart)

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5
Q

pericardial fluid

A

fills pericardial space to prevent friction

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6
Q

myocardium

A

thickest, middle layer of heart wall

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7
Q

endocardium

A

inner layer lining heart chambers/valves

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8
Q

coronary arteries

A

coron/o = crown

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9
Q

coronary veins

A

remove waste from myocardium

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10
Q

coronary occlusion

A

disrupting blood flow to myocardium

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11
Q

ischemia

A

blood deficiency in an area

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12
Q

necrosis

A

tissue death

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13
Q

infarct/infarction

A

area of necrosis from ischemia (no blood in an area)

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14
Q

atrium

A

craniodorsal chambers of heart

atria
atri/o

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15
Q

interatrial septum

A

wall separating L and R atriums

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16
Q

ventricles

A

caudoventral chambers of heart

ventricul/o

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17
Q

interventricular septum

A

wall between L and R ventricles

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18
Q

apex

A

narrow tip at base of heart

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19
Q

valves

A

membranous fold, controls bloodflow to heart

valv/o
valvul/o

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20
Q

right atrioventricular valve

A

AKA tricuspid valve

controls opening between right atrium and ventricle

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21
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

AKA pulmonary valve

controls blood entering lungs, between R ventricle and pulmonary artery

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22
Q

left atrioventricular valve

A

AKA mitral AKA bicuspid

controls opening between L atrium and ventricle

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23
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

AKA aortic valve

controls blood entering arteries, between L ventricle and aorta

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24
Q

cardiac output

A

volume of blood pumped by heart in unit time

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25
Q

stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected from ventricles during each heartbeat

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26
Q

sinoatrial node

A

wall of R atrium near entrance of superior vena cava

establishes rhythm, ‘pacemaker’

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27
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

work with SA node to pacemake

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28
Q

systole

A

contraction

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29
Q

inotropy

A

force of contraction

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30
Q

atrioventricular node

A

in interatrial septum

conducts impulses more slowly than SA node, pause allows ventricles to fill with blood

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31
Q

bundle of His

A

in interventricular septum, carries impulse through ventricular muscle

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32
Q

sinus rhythm

A

normal heartbeat

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33
Q

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

A

abnormal rhythm

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34
Q

diastole

A

expansion

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35
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of electrical activity of myocardium

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36
Q

palpitation

A

pounding heartbeat

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37
Q

fibrillation

A

rapid random heartbeat

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38
Q

flutter

A

rapid but regular

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39
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat

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40
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid heartbeat

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41
Q

paroxysm

A

sudden convulsion

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42
Q

normal sinus arrhythmia

A

irregular heart rhythm from respiration

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43
Q

asystole

A

flat line on ECG

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44
Q

syncope

A

temporary suspension of respiration and circulation

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45
Q

gallop

A

low-frequency vibration during diastole

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46
Q

preload

A

volume of blood entering R side of heart

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47
Q

afterload

A

empyting from aortic pressure

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48
Q

electrocardiography

A

process of recording electrical activity of myocardium

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49
Q

leads

A

conductors in electrocardiography that detect variations in electric potential

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50
Q

stetho-

A

chest

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51
Q

heart murmur

A

abnormal sound from turbulent flow of blood

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52
Q

holosystolic/pansystolic

A

mumurs occurring during entire ventricular contraction

holo-/pan- = all

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53
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing

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54
Q

thrill

A

murmurs felt as vibration on chest

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55
Q

angi/o
vas/o

A

vessel

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56
Q

lumen

A

opening in vessel

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57
Q

vasoconstrictors

A

things that narrow a vessel

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58
Q

vasodilators

A

things that widen a vessel

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59
Q

hilus

A

depression where vessels and nerves enter organ

60
Q

artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from heart

arteri/o

61
Q

aorta

A

main trunk of arterial system

aort/o

62
Q

celiac artery

A

supports liver, stomach, spleen

celi/o

63
Q

renal arteries

A

supply kidneys

64
Q

ovarian arteries

A

supply ovaries/testicles

65
Q

subclavian artery

A

under collarbone

66
Q

arterioles

A

small branches of arteries

arter/i

67
Q

-ole

A

small

68
Q

capillaries

A

single-cell thick vessels connecting arteries and veins

69
Q

perfusion

A

blood flow through tissues

70
Q

capillary refill time (CRT)

A

indicates perfusion (blood flow)

71
Q

venules

A

connect capillaries, tiny blood vessels

72
Q

veins

A

return blood to heart, low pressure

73
Q

ven/o
phleb/o

A

veins

74
Q

jugular vein

A

drains head/neck area

75
Q

femoral vein

A

drains legs

76
Q

renal veins

A

drain kindeys

77
Q

azygous vein

A

single vein that drains chest wall

zygon = pair
a = without

78
Q

blood pressure

A

tension exerted by blood on arterial walls

79
Q

viscosity

A

resistance to flow

80
Q

pulse

A

expansion and contraction of an artery produced by pressure

81
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

measure blood pressure

82
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

83
Q

man/o

A

pressure

84
Q

-meter

A

device

85
Q

systolic pressure

A

occurs when ventricles contract, highest towards troke output of L ventricle

86
Q

diastoli pressure

A

occurs when ventricles relax

87
Q

tensi/o

A

pressure/tension

88
Q

antihypertensives

A

drugs that lower blood pressure

89
Q

angiocardiography

A

radiographic study of blood vessels and heart using contract material

90
Q

angiography

A

radiographic study of blood vessels after injection of radiopaque material

91
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

radiographic study where catheter is passed into vessel and guided into heart to detect pressures

92
Q

echocardiography

A

evaluating heart structures using sound waves

ech/o = sound

93
Q

doppler echocardiography

A

difference in frequency b/w sound waves and echoes to measure velocity of moving object

94
Q

electrocardiography

A

recording electrical activity of heart

electrocardiograph = machine that records

electrocardiogram = record of (ECG)

95
Q

holter monitor

A

24hr ECG that records onto tape

96
Q

radiography

A

imaging objects using X-rays

results in radiograph (exception to -gram/-graph, normally a -graph is the machine not the result)

97
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening + narrowing of arteries

ather/o = plaque

98
Q

atrial septal defect

A

opening in wall dividing R and L atria

99
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

compression of heart due to fluid in pericardial sac

100
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of heart muscle

hypertrophic = growth of L ventricle
dilated = thin L ventricle
congestive

101
Q

congestive heart failure

A

insufficient cardiac output to meet body’s needs (CHF)

102
Q

congestion

A

accumulation of fluid

103
Q

edema

A

accumulation of fluid intercellulary

104
Q

ascites

A

fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity

105
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal fluid accumulation between membrane layers on lungs

106
Q

cor pulmonale

A

alterations in structure of R ventricle by pulmonary hypertension

cor = heart
pulmon/o = lung

107
Q

dirofilariosis

A

heart worm infection

microfilariae = larvae

108
Q

caval syndrome

A

obstruction of blood flow to vena cava from heavy heartworm infection

109
Q

prophylactic/prophylaxis

A

preventative medicine

110
Q

adulticide

A

kills adult heart worms

microfilaricide = kills larvae

111
Q

embolus

A

foreign object (clot, air, tissue) ciculating blood

112
Q

embolism

A

vessel blocked by foreign object

113
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of endocardium

114
Q

heart block

A

interference with electrical conduction of heart

115
Q

hemangioma

A

benign tumor made of newly formed vessels

116
Q

hematoma

A

collection of blood

117
Q

hypercapnia

A

high levels of carbon dioxide -> low oxygen (hypoxia)

can cause cyanosis (blue skin)

118
Q

hypocapnia

A

low levels of carbon dioxide

119
Q

infarct

A

localized area of necrosis from interrupted blood supply

120
Q

ischemia

A

defiency in blood

isch/o = hold back

121
Q

mitral stenosis

A

narrowing of mitral valve opening

122
Q

mitral valve insufficiency

A

inability of L atrioventricular valve to perform

123
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

protrusion of L atrioventricular valve

124
Q

myocarditis

A

myocardium inflammation

125
Q

occlusion

A

vessel blockage

126
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

persistence of fetal communication b/w L pulmonary artery + aorta that should close after birth

127
Q

pulmonic stenosis

A

narrowing of opening b/w pulmonary artery + R ventricle

128
Q

regurgitation

A

backflow of blood from imperfect closure of valves

129
Q

shock

A

inadequate tissue perfusion

resuscitation = restoration of life

130
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

congenital cyanotic cardiac with 4 defects

131
Q

thromboembolism

A

blocking of vessel from a part that has broken away from clot site

132
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot attached to interior wall of vein/artery

133
Q

thrombosus

A

clot in vessel

134
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevent clotting

135
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

opening in wall dividing L and R ventricles, blood can shunt between them w/out being oxygenated

136
Q

shunt

A

bypass

137
Q

angioplasty

A

repair of blood vessels

138
Q

transluminal

A

procedure done through opening vessel

139
Q

percutaneous

A

procedure done through skin

140
Q

angiorrhaphy

A

suture of vessel

141
Q

arteriectomy

A

surgical removal of part of artery

arteriotomy = incision

142
Q

central venous pressure

A

tension exerted by blood in cranial vena cava

143
Q

defibrillation

A

electrical shock to restore heart rhythm

144
Q

hemostasis

A

control of bleeding

145
Q

stent

A

expander placed in vessel to prevent collapse

146
Q

ransfusion

A

introducing blood or blood components to recipient

147
Q

valvotomy

A

incision in valve

Terminology (22 decks)

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