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Terminology > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system

A

glands, hair, fur, wool, feathers, scales, claws, beaks, horns, hooves, nails

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2
Q

cutane/o
derm/o
dermat/o

A

skin

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3
Q

skin 3 layers

A
  1. epidermis (keratin & melanin)
  2. dermis AKA corium
  3. subcutaneous AKA hypodermis (fat ‘adip/o)
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4
Q

sebaceous glands

A

seb/o = oil

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5
Q

sweat glands AKA sudoriferous

A

hidr/o = sweat

anhidrosis
hyperhidrosis

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6
Q

ceruminous glands

A

cerumen wax (modified sweat glands)

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7
Q

hair

A

pil/i or pil/o
trich/o

follicles = sacs holding hair fibers (which are made of keratin)

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8
Q

fur terms

A

fur = fine, short
pelt = skin + hair
guard hairs = long, stiff, outer coat
undercoat = finer, wavy hair
tactile hair/vibrissae = whiskers
cilia = eyelashes

simple vs compound hair growth = one follicle per guard hair (cow) or multiple hairs single follicle (dog)

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9
Q

nails/claws/hooves

A

cover distal phalanx

quick = dermal layer
vestigial = rudimentary
dewclaw = rudimentary bone
chestnut = vestigial pad on medial equine leg
ergot = vestigial pad on hair tuft on fetlock

onych/o = claw
ungul/o = hoof

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10
Q

horns vs antlers

A

horns = permanent, grow continuously
antlers = shed and regrown annually

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11
Q

biospy

A

removal of living tissue for examination

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12
Q

intradermal skin testing

A

injection of test substance into skin for reaction

atopy = hypersensitive reaction

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13
Q

abrasion

A

superficial layers of skin scraped

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14
Q

contusion

A

no skin broken

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15
Q

abscess

A

pus collection

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16
Q

alopecia

A

hair loss

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17
Q

cellulitis

A

CT inflammation

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18
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm of epithelial tissue

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19
Q

lipoma

A

benign fat cell growth

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20
Q

melanoma

A

tumor or pigmented cells

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21
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant neoplasm of soft tissue coming from CT

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22
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

abnormal growth of horny layer of skin

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23
Q

mange

A

mite skin disease

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24
Q

laceration

A

accidental cut

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25
Q

onychomycosis

A

superficial fungal infection of claw

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26
Q

pallor

A

skin paleness

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27
Q

paronychia

A

bacteria/viral infection of tissue around claw

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28
Q

pruritus

A

itching

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29
Q

pyoderma

A

skin disease with pus

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30
Q

purulent

A

containing/producing pus

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31
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

closed sac of yellow fatty material

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32
Q

cauterization

A

destroy tissue through heat

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33
Q

cryosurgery

A

destory tissue through cold

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34
Q

debridement

A

remove tissue + foreign material

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35
Q

lance

A

pierce to drain

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36
Q

integumentary abbreviations

A

bx = biopsy
ID = intradermal
SQ, SC = subcutaneous

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37
Q

erythema

A

skin redness

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38
Q

infestation

A

parasites on external skin surface

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39
Q

putrefaction

A

foul smelling decay

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40
Q

seborrhea

A

overproduction of sebum

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41
Q

scale

A

skin flake

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42
Q

necrotic

A

dead tissue

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43
Q

ulcer

A

erosion of tissue

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44
Q

dermatophytes

A

superficial skin fungi

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45
Q

cornification

A

converting epithelium into keratin

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46
Q

gangrene

A

necrosis from loss of cirulation

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47
Q

ecchymyosis

A

bruise

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48
Q

urticaria

A

hive

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49
Q

acute moist dermatitis

A

hot spot

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50
Q

polled

A

hornless

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51
Q

cicatrix

A

scar

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52
Q

furuncle

A

boil

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53
Q

verrucae

A

warts

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54
Q

fissure

A

crack

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55
Q

vesicle

A

blister

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56
Q

collagen

A

protein in hair, skin, nails

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57
Q

granuloma

A

small area of healing tissue

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58
Q

endocrine system

A

ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers (hormones) into blood

endo = within
-crine = to secrete

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59
Q

pituitary gland

A

base of brain just below hypothalamus
- anterior (AKA adenohypophysis) + posterior lobes

‘the master gland’ maintains hormone levels

pituit/o

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60
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

secreted by anterior pituitary

lute/o = yellow
- transforms ovarian follicle into corpus luteum (yellow body)

augments ovulation + maintains pregnancy
- oxytocin secreted to stimulate contractions

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61
Q

prolactin

A

secreted by anterior pituitary

augments milk secretion

lact/o = milk

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62
Q

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

A

secreted by anterior pituitary

augments skin pigment

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63
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

secreted by posterior pituitary

maintains water balance by augmenting water reabsorption in kidney (against urine production)

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64
Q

thyroid

A

butterfly-shaped gland on either side of larynx

secretes triiodothyronine, thyroxine, calcitonin

thyr/o
thryoid/o

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65
Q

parathyroid

A

4 glands on surface of thyroid

secretes hormone to reduce bone Ca levels and regulate Po4

parathyroid/o

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66
Q

adrenal

A

2 glands above each kidney
- made of a cortex and a medulla
- cortex secretes glucocorticoids

ad- = toward
ren/o = kidney

adren/o
adrenal/o

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67
Q

epinephrine (AKA adrenaline)

A

secreted by adrenal medulla

stimulates fight/flight

epi = above
nephr/o = kidney

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68
Q

pancreas

A

gland near proximal duodenum

secretes insulin

sugar and starch metabolism

pancreat/o

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69
Q

thymus

A

gland in young animals in middle of thorax (dorsal to sternum)

thym/o

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70
Q

pineal gland

A

middle of brain

maintains circadian rhythm (secretes melatonin)

pineal/o

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71
Q

gonads

A

glands that produce gametes (sex cells).

ovaries F
testes M

gonad/o

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72
Q

adrenopathy

A

disease of adrenals

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73
Q

endocrinopathy

A

disease of endocrine system

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74
Q

hyperglycemia

A

elevated blood glucose

hypo = low

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75
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of pancreas

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76
Q

thyromegaly

A

enlarged thyroid

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77
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of lobe

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78
Q

hypothalamus

A

endocrine regulator

sends stimulus to pituitary

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79
Q

hypoadrenocorticism

A

addison’s disease

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80
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor of islets of Langerhans of pancreas

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81
Q

gynecomastia

A

male mammary development

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82
Q

assay

A

lab technique that determines amount of substance in sample

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83
Q

euthyroidism

A

normal thyroid

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84
Q

insulin

A

transports blood glucose

  • the only hormone that can lower blood glucose
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85
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

not enough insulin

insipidus = not enough diuretic

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86
Q

acidosis

A

low pH

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87
Q

glucagon

A

hormone that increases glucose

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88
Q

hypocalcemia

A

low blood calcium levels

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89
Q

hypercrinism

A

excess gland secretion

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90
Q

-tropic

A

affinity for

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91
Q

somat/o

A

body

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92
Q

radioactive iodine uptake test

A

analyzes thyroid function

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93
Q

theriogenology

A

study of reproduction

theri/o = beast
gen/o = producing
logy = study

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94
Q

genitals

A

reproductive organs

genit/o

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95
Q

scrotum

A

external pouch for testes

scrot/o

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96
Q

perineum

A

area b/w scrotum + anus

perine/o

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97
Q

testes

A

male sex glands
-produce spermatozoa (sperm/o spermat/o)

orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o
testicul/o

testis singular

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98
Q

epididymis

A

tube at upper testis

epididym/o

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99
Q

urethra

A

tube through penis to outside

urethr/o

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100
Q

pen/i
priap/o

A

penis

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101
Q

ovaries

A

produce estrogen, progesterone, ova (eggs)

ovari/o
oophor/o

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102
Q

uterine tubes

A

AKA fallopian AKA oviducts

from top of uterus to ovaries

salping/o

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103
Q

uterus

A

thick walled hollow organ w/ mucous membrane lining

hyster/o
metr/o
metri/o
uter/o

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104
Q

cervix

A

lower continuation of uterus/cranial continuation of vagina

cervic/o

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105
Q

vagina

A

muscular tube from cervix to outside

colp/o
vagin/o

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106
Q

vulva

A

external opening leading to vagina

vulv/o
episi/o

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107
Q

estrous cycle

A

AKA heat cycle - uterus prepared to accept fertilized ovum

estrus = period in estrous when receptive to male (ovulation)

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108
Q

monestrous

A

1 cycle/year

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109
Q

polyestrous

A

1+ cycle/year

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110
Q

spontaneous ovulators

A

ovum release cyclical

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111
Q

induced ovulators

A

ovum release after copulation

AKA reflex ovulators

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112
Q

seasonal ovulators

A

queens are seasonally polyestrous (multiple cycle b/w jan-oct)

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113
Q

mammary glands

A

produce milk

litter species: mammae
large animals: udders w/ teats

mamm/o
mast/o

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114
Q

placenta

A

organ that joins mother and offspring to exchange nutrients and waste

AKA afterbirth

placent/o

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115
Q

umbilical cord

A

fetus communicates w/ placenta.

umbilicus = structure on abdominal wall where cord was

umbilic/o

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116
Q

pregnancy

A

time b/w conception and parturition

AKA cyesis

pregn/o = pregnancy
gravid/o = pregnant

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117
Q

gestation

A

period of fetus development

gest/o
gestat/o

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118
Q

parturition

A

labour

part/o = giving birth

antepartum = before
postpartum = after

presentation = orientation of fetus before delivery

neonate = newborn

119
Q

meconium

A

first stool of newborn

120
Q

amniocentesis

A

puncture to get amniotic fluid

121
Q

ultrasound

A

high-frequency waves evaluate internal structures

122
Q

cryptorchidism

A

testes don’t descend

123
Q

dystocia

A

difficult birth

124
Q

mastitis

A

mammary inflammation

125
Q

metritis

A

uterus inflammation

126
Q

pyometra

A

pus in uterus

127
Q

retained placenta

A

didn’t pass after delivery

128
Q

supernumerary

A

more than normal number

129
Q

uterine prolapse

A

uterus falls through vagina

130
Q

assisted delivery

A

hands or equipment used to aid

131
Q

episiotomy

A

incision of perineum and vagina to start delivery and prevent damage

132
Q

orchidectomy

A

castration

vasectomy = ductus deferens removed

133
Q

ovariohysterectomy (OHE)

A

spay (ovaries, uterus )

ovariectomy (ovaries)

134
Q

AI

A

artificial insemination

135
Q

endometrium

A

inner layer of uterus

136
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false pregnancy

137
Q

hermaphroditism

A

having ovaries and testicles

138
Q

amnion

A

innermost membrane enveloping embryo

139
Q

zygote attaching

A

implantation

140
Q

female gamete

A

ovum

141
Q

mutagens

A

substances that make genetic abnormalities

142
Q

ampulla

A

enlarged part of canal

143
Q

-osis

A

condition

144
Q

vivaparous

A

bearing live young

ovariparous = bearing eggs

145
Q

allantois

A

innermost placenta layer

chorion = outermost

146
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

147
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin

148
Q

cotyledons

A

buttons

149
Q

oligo

A

less than normal

150
Q

TVT

A

transmissible venereal tumor

151
Q

par

A

near

152
Q

breech presentation

A

tail presented first

153
Q

urogenital

A

pertaining to urinary and reproductive systems

154
Q

lactogenic

A

capable of producing milk

155
Q

nervous system

A

coordinates + controls body activity

processes information and formulates responses

central (brain and spine) and peripheral (nerves, autonomic system, ganglia)

156
Q

neuron

A

basic nervous system unit

  • body (soma)
  • dendrites (carry impulses to body - dendr/o)
  • axon (carry impulses away - ax/o)
157
Q

synapse

A

space b/w 2 neurons or a neuron and a receptor (the gap)

synaps/o
synapt/o

neurotransmitters (chemicals) released here to relay info

158
Q

neuroglia/glial cells

A

supportive cells of nervous system

gli/o = glue

159
Q

nerve

A

bundles of impulse carrying fibers connecting CNS to other parts of body

neur/i /o

160
Q

CNS

A

encephal/o = brain
myel/o = spinal cord

161
Q

meninges

A

3 layered membrane around CNS

1) dura mater (dura = tough)
2) arachnoid membrane
3) pia mater (pia = soft)

mening/o
meningi/o

162
Q

cerebrospinal fluid CSF

A

clear ultrafiltrate that nourishes, cools, cushions CNS

163
Q

brain divisions

A

1) cerebrum: largest, processes info (cerebr/o)

2) cerebellum: 2nd largest, coordinates muscles (cerebell/o)

3) brainstem: connects 2 hemispheres w/ spinal cord, supports life

164
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

part of peripheral that innervates muscles and glands

1) sympathetic: fight/flight

2) parasympathetic: rest/digest

165
Q

obtunded

A

depressed

166
Q

stupor

A

conscious but impaired, unresponsive to stimuli

167
Q

PLR

A

pupillary light reflex

168
Q

ataxia

A

without coordination

169
Q

catalepsy

A

rigid muscles + trancelike state

170
Q

cataplexy

A

sudden attacks of muscle weakness from emotional response

171
Q

chorea/myoclonus

A

repetitive contraction of facial or limb muscles

172
Q

concussion

A

shaking of brain

173
Q

contusion

A

bruising, skin not broken

174
Q

demyelination

A

destruction of myelin (protective covering on nerve cells)

175
Q

hematoma

A

mass of blood

epidural = above dura mater
subdural = below dura mater but above arachnoid membrane

176
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side

177
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of lower limbs

178
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

179
Q

ptosis

A

prolapse of upper eyelid

180
Q

seizure

A

sudden contraction of muscles from brain disturbance

181
Q

ictus

A

actual seizure

preictal = before (AKA aura)
postictal = after

182
Q

syncope

A

fainting

183
Q

analgesia

A

pain relief

184
Q

anesthesia

A

no sensation

topical
local (injection to area)
epidural
general (loss of consciousness)

185
Q

ipsi

A

same

contra = opposite

186
Q

radiculitis

A

inflammation of spinal nerve root

187
Q

plexus

A

network of intersecting nerves

188
Q

efferent (motor) cells

A

carry impulse out of CNS to muscles

189
Q

reflex

A

involuntary response to change

190
Q

gyri

A

elevated portions of cerebral cortex

191
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of gray matter of spinal cord

192
Q

ganglion

A

knot-like mass of neurons cell bodies in PNS (outside of CNS)

193
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord

194
Q

knuckling

A

conscious proprioceptive deficit

195
Q

chiasm

A

medical term for crossing

196
Q

ventricles

A

small cavities in brain

197
Q

IVDD

A

intervertebral disc disease

198
Q

postical state

A

state following seizure

199
Q

impulse

A

wave of excitation through nervous tissue

200
Q

pachy

A

thick

201
Q

receptors

A

sensory organs that receive external stimuli

202
Q

afferent

A

sensory nerves

efferent = motor nerves

*SA ME acronym

203
Q

astrocytes

A

star-shaped cells that form blood-brain barrier

204
Q

neurotomy

A

nerve incision

205
Q

proprioceptive

A

spatial orientation

206
Q

narcolepsy

A

uncontrollable sleep

207
Q

encephalomalacia

A

abnormal brain softening

208
Q

hyperkenesis

A

increased motor function

209
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation

210
Q

myelography

A

radiography where contrast material is injected into subarachnoid space

211
Q

ocular system

A

vision

eye/sight:
opt/i /o
optic/o
ocul/o
opthalm/o

212
Q

orbit

A

bony cavity for eye

213
Q

palpebrae

A

eyelids

blephar/o

214
Q

conjunctiva

A

membrane on eyelids and non-corneal parts. of eye

conjunctiv/o

215
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

produce, store, remove tears

lacrim/o
dacry/o

216
Q

sclera

A

white of eye/outer layer

fibrous tissue that maintains shape of eye

scler/o

217
Q

cornea

A

transparent anterior portion of eye

corne/o
kerat/o

218
Q

choroid

A

middle eye layer
- vessels

choroid/o
tapetum lucidum = irridescent reflective layer of choroid

219
Q

retina

A

inner eye layer

nervous tissue, receives images

retin/o

220
Q

accomodation

A

eye adjusts. tosee objects at various distances

221
Q

fluorescein dye stain

A

detects corneal injury

222
Q

opthalmoscopy

A

examine inner eye

223
Q

PLR

A

pupillary light reflex

224
Q

tonometry

A

measure intraocular pressure

225
Q

anisocoria

A

unequal pupil size

226
Q

blepharospasm

A

contractions of eyelid

227
Q

cataract

A

cloudiness of lens

228
Q

keratoconjunctivitis

A

inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva

229
Q

proptosis

A

displacement of eye from orbit

230
Q

keratocentesis

A

cornea punctured to aspirate aqueous humor

231
Q

ear

A

audit/o /i
ot/o

hearing:
acoust/o
acous/o

232
Q

pinna (auricle)

A

catches and transmits sound waves

pinn/i
aur/i /o = external ear

233
Q

external auditory canal

A

tube that transmits sound from pinna to tympanic membrane

  • cerumen secreted here
234
Q

tympanic membrane

A

eardrum

transmits sound waves to ossicles (ear bones)

tympan/o
myring/o

235
Q

cochlea

A

hearing organ

cochle/o = snail/spiral

236
Q

otitis interna

A

inflammation of inner ear

panotitis = inflammation of all ear

237
Q

otopyorrhea

A

pus discharge from ear

238
Q

ablation

A

removal of a part

239
Q

myringectomy

A

removal of eardrum

240
Q

sight/sound abbreviations

A

AD = right ear (a: auris)
AS = left ear
AU = both ears

OD = right eye (O: oculus)
OS = left eye
OU = both eyes

241
Q

iris

A

colored muscular part of eye surrounding pupil

242
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary rhythmic movement of eyeball

243
Q

glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure

244
Q

cornea

A

fibrous layer of clear tissue over anterior eye, continuous with sclera

245
Q

optic disk

A

region where nerve endings of retina gather to form optic nerve

246
Q

lens

A

transparent, focuses light on the retina

avascular

247
Q

mydriasis

A

pupil dilation

248
Q

lacrimation

A

tear production

249
Q

fovea centralis

A

area of retina w/ sharpest vision

250
Q

aqueous humor

A

in posterior eye

251
Q

acuity

A

sharpness of vision

252
Q

tarsus

A

platelike frame in upper and lower eyelids

253
Q

uvea

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid

254
Q

ampulla

A

dilated area in the semicircular canals

255
Q

otoliths

A

small stones in the saccule and utricle

256
Q

tympanic bulla

A

osseous chamber at base of skull

257
Q

incus

A

auditory ossicle AKA anvil

258
Q

stapes

A

auditory ossicle AKA stirrup

259
Q

malleus

A

auditory ossicle AKA hammer

260
Q

eustachian tube

A

narrow duct from middle ear to nasopharynx

261
Q

external auditory canal

A

transmits sound from pinna to eardrum

262
Q

KCS

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca

263
Q

ectropion

A

eversion of eyelid

entropion = inversion

264
Q

blepharitis

A

eyelid inflammation

265
Q

enucleation

A

eyeball removal

266
Q

strabismus

A

eyes not parallel

267
Q

dacryocystotomy

A

incision into lacrimal sac

268
Q

nictitating membrane

A

third eyelid

269
Q

corneal ulceration

A

depression in cornea

270
Q

photophobia

A

intolerance to light

271
Q

opthalmoplegia

A

eye paralysis

272
Q

limbus

A

corneal sclera junction

273
Q

keratotomy

A

cornea incision

274
Q

tarsorrhaphy

A

suturing eyelids together

275
Q

labyrinth

A

maze of inner ear

276
Q

ruminants

A

cud-chewing animals with forestomachs that ferment

277
Q

balling gun

A

administers pills to livestock

278
Q

cull

A

removal of an animal

279
Q

malpresentation

A

abnormal fetal position

280
Q

tail jacking/tailing

A

restraint for cattle where tail lifted vertically

281
Q

dry

A

not lactating

282
Q

cud

A

regurgitated food

283
Q

finishing

A

fattening cattle up

284
Q

roughage

A

high fiber low nutrient

285
Q

chute

A

mechanical device to restrain cattle

286
Q

hutch

A

individual housing pen for calves

287
Q

stanchion

A

restraint device that secures cattle around neck

288
Q

tetanus

A

highly fatal bacterial disease

289
Q

cleaning a cow

A

removing retained placenta

290
Q

offal

A

inedible organs/tissue

291
Q

streak canal

A

passage from teat cistern to outside udder

292
Q

silage

A

fermented plant feed

293
Q

parturient paresis

A

hypocalcemic disorder in late pregnancy/early lactation

Terminology (22 decks)

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