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CNA 101 > Chapter 42 Confusion and dementia > Flashcards

Chapter 42 Confusion and dementia Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive function

A

Involves memory, thinking, reasoning, ability to understand, judgment, and behavior

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2
Q

Confusion

A

a state of being disoriented to person, time, place, situation or identity

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3
Q

Delirium

A

A state of sudden, severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function
Acute confusion

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4
Q

Delusion

A

a false belief

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5
Q

Dementia

A

loss of cognitive function that interferes with daily life and activities

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6
Q

Elopement

A

When a patient or resident leaves the agency without staff knowledge

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7
Q

Hallucination

A

seeing, hearing, smelling, feeling, or tasting something that is not real

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8
Q

Paranoia

A

a disorder of the mind, false beliefs and suspicion, about a person and situation

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9
Q

Sundowning

A

signs, symptoms, and behaviors of dementia increase during hours of darkness

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10
Q

Changes in the brain and nervous system occurs:

A

with aging and desease

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11
Q

Nervous system changes from aging:

A
  • nerve cells are lost
  • nerve conduction slows
  • reflexes, responses and reaction times are slower
  • vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch decrease
  • sensitivity to pain decrease
  • blood flow to the brain is reduced
  • sleep patterns change
  • memory is shorter, forgetfulness occurs
    -dizziness can occur
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12
Q

Delirium occurs suddenly:

A

usually temporally

causes include:
-infection, drugs, illness, surgery, injury

treatment is aimed at cause

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13
Q

Is dementia hereditary?

A

Yeah it is

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14
Q

Early warning signs of dementia:

A
  • Recent memory loss that affects job skills
  • Problems with common tasks
  • Problems with language; forgetting simple words
  • Getting lost in familiar places
  • Misplacing things and putting things in odd places
  • Personality changes
  • Poor or decreased judgment
  • Loss of interest in life
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15
Q

Types of permanent dementia:

A
  • Alzheimer’s disease (most common)
  • vascular dementia (stroke or other blood vessel problems damage vessels that supply blood to the brain)
  • Lewy body dementia (abnormal protein deposits in the brain, lewy bodies affect chemicals in brain)
    -Fronto-temporal disorders (nerve cells in certain areas of the brain [front and sides] break down)
  • Mixed dementia (2 or more types of dementia occur together)
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16
Q

Treatable causes of dementia:

A
  • Drugs and alcohol
  • Delirium and depression
  • Tumors
  • Heart, lung, and blood vessel problems
  • Head injuries
  • Infection
  • Vision and hearing problems
17
Q

Alzheimer’s disease functions affected:

A
  • Memory
  • Thinking
  • Reasoning
  • Judgment
  • Language
  • Behavior
  • Mood
  • Personality
18
Q

What happens to the brain with alzheimer’s

A

Many brain cells are destroyed and die
connections between nerve cells are lost
brain shrinks from nerve cell death and tissue loss

19
Q

Two abnormal structures are thought to cause damage in alheimer’s

A

Plaques- protein that build up in the spaces between nerve cells

Tangles- twisted protein fibers that build up inside cells

20
Q

Dementia age group

A

65+

21
Q

Alzheimer’s age group

A

60+

22
Q

Classic sign of alzheimer’s

A

gradual loss of short term memory

23
Q

Mild stage alzheimer’s

A
  • memory loss
  • poor judgment, bad decisions
  • loss of spontaneity and initiative
  • taking longer to do daily tasks
  • repeating questions
  • problems handling money and paying bills
  • wandering and getting lost
  • losing things or misplacing them in odd places
  • anxiety or aggression
  • mood and personality changes
24
Q

Moderate stage alzheimer’s

A
  • increased memory loss and confusion
  • cannot learn new things
  • problems with language, reading, writing, and working with numbers
  • trouble with thoughts and thinking logically
  • shortened attention span
  • problem coping with new situations
  • problems recognizing family and friends
  • hallucinations, delusions and paranoia
  • impulsive behavior [undressimg at inappropriate times etc]
  • restlessness, agitation, anxiety tearfulness
  • wandering
  • repetitive statements and movements
25
Q

Severe stage alzheimer’s

A
  • depends on others of care
  • in bed most or all the time
  • cannot communicate
  • weight loss
  • seizures
  • skin infections
  • difficulty swallowing
  • groaning, moaning, grunting
  • increased sleeping
  • loss of bowel and bladder control
26
Q

Symptoms and early signs of Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • memory loss
  • problems with planning or problem solving
    -problems completing a familiar task
  • confusion with time and place
  • problems with vision and spatial relationships
  • problems with speaking and writing
    -misplacing items and being unable to find them
    -decreased or poor judgment
  • withdrawal from work and social activities
  • mood and personality changes
27
Q

Common behaviors and changes of AD

A
  • wandering and getting lost
  • sundowning
  • hallucinations
  • delusions
  • paranoia
  • catastrophic reactions
    -agitation and aggression
  • communication changes
  • screaming
  • repetitive behaviors
  • rummaging and hiding things
  • changes in intimacy and sexuality
  • health problems
  • emotions
  • changes in routine
28
Q

Safety alert for older persons who are missing

A

Silver alert

Code silver

29
Q

MedicAlert + Alzheimer’s association safe return

A

a nationwide 24-hour emergency service for persons who wander or have a medical emergency

persons will have an ID with them, wallet bracelet or necklace and person’s family will be called if the person has been found

30
Q

The most common early symptom of AD

A

difficulty remembering newly learned information

CNA 101 (17 decks)

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