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cna 101 > Preclinical > Flashcards

Preclinical Flashcards

1
Q

The purpose of Rehabilitation

A

restore function and independece

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2
Q

Ombudsman

A

someone who supports or promotes the needs and interest of another person

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3
Q

Which agency is responsible for publishing the document that explains a person’s rights and expectations during hospital stays?

A

American Hospital Association

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4
Q

Which law requires that nursing centers provide care in a manner that maintains or improves the quality of life for the patient?

A

OBRA

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5
Q

Closing curtains, doors, and window coverings during patient care maintains which of the following patient’s rights?

A

right to privacy

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6
Q

Why are restraints used on a resident?

A

for protection

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7
Q

Types of paralysis

A
  • monoplegia
  • hemiplegia
  • diplegia
  • paraplegia
  • quadriplegia
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8
Q

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 OBRA is a federal law that

A

sets standards for quality of nursing center care

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9
Q

Negligence by a professional person is known as

A

Malpractice

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10
Q

What type of violation occurs when a person shares photos or videos of a patient or resident on social media?

A

Invasion of privacy

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11
Q

Abuse means

A
  • willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, punishment that results in physical harm
  • depriving the person of goods or services needed to attain well-being
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12
Q

Assault means

A

intentionally attempting or threatening to touch a person’s body without their consent

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13
Q

Battery means

A

touching a person body without consent

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14
Q

Defamation means

A

injuring a person name and reputation by making false statements to a third person

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15
Q

False imprisonment

A

unlawful restraint of a person’s freedom of movement

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16
Q

Libel meaning

A

making false statements in print, in writing etc

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17
Q

Neglect

A

when a caregiver or responsible person fails to:
-protect a vulnerable person from harm
- provide food, water, clothing shelter, or ADL

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18
Q

Neglicence

A

an uninentional wrong in which a person did not act in a reasonable and careful manner and a person property was harmed

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19
Q

Slander

A

making false statements through the spoken word, sounds, sign language, etc

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20
Q

Oral temp normal range

A

97.6 - 99.6 F

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21
Q

Rectal temp normal range

A

98.6 - 100.6 F

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22
Q

Axillary temp normal rage

A

96.6 - 98.6 F

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23
Q

Tympanic membrane temp normal range

A

98.6 F

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24
Q

Temporal artery temp normal range

A

99.6

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25
Q

Normal pulse adult

A

60 - 100 beats/min

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26
Q

Respirations

A

12 - 20 breathes/min

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27
Q

BP normal range

A

systolic -
90 mmHg - 120mmHg

Diastolic-
60mmHg - 80mmHg

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28
Q

Nectar-thick liquid

A

Mildly thick

the liquid coats and drips off of the spoon. Can flow through a straw

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29
Q

Honey-thick liquid

A

Moderately thick

liquid flows off of a spoon like honey. Can drink from cup

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30
Q

Pudding-thick liquid

A

Extremely thick

liquid stays on the spoon in a soft mound. can be sipped or served with a spoon

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31
Q

Right upper quadrant contains RUQ

A

liver
gallbladder
part of pancreas
parts of small/large intestine

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32
Q

Left upper quadrant contains

A

rest of liver
stomach
spleen
rest of pancreas
parts of small/large intestine

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33
Q

Right lower quadrant contains

A

parts of small/large intestine
appendix
part of bladder

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34
Q

left lower quadrant contains

A

parts of small/large intestine
part of bladder

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35
Q

Basic needs of life

A

[Maslow]

physical
safety and security
love and belonging
self-esteem
self-actualization

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36
Q

Comatose meaning

A

unconscious
being unable to respond to stimuli

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37
Q

Arteries

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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38
Q

capillaries

A

a very tiny blood vessel
nutrients, oxygen, and other substances pass from capillaries into the cells

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39
Q

The basic unit of life is

A

cell

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40
Q

the process that breaks down food physically and chemically so it can be absorbed for use by cells

A

digestion

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41
Q

Hemoglobin

A

substance that in red blood cells that carry oxygen and gives blood its color

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42
Q

How the body uses nutrients to provide energy and maintain body functions

A

metabolism

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43
Q

veins

A

blood vessel that carries blood to the heart

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44
Q

the process of supplying cells with oxygen and removing CO2 from them

A

respiration

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45
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

covers internal and external body surfaces

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46
Q

Connective tissue

A

anchors, connects, and supports other tissue
bones
tendons
ligaments
cartilage
blood

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47
Q

Muscle tissue

A

stretches and contracts

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48
Q

nerve tissue

A

recieves and sends impulses to the brain and back to the body parts

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49
Q

the largest body system is

A

integumentary system or skin

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50
Q

The steady state of the human body is known as what?

A

homeostasis

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51
Q

Which nervous system controls the heartbeat?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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52
Q

Which of the following occurs when a person has protection against disease?

A

immunity

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53
Q

When the health care team follows practices to prevent the spread of infection, it is known as what?

A

infection control

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54
Q

An infection that involves the whole body is known as what?

A

Systemic

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55
Q

In the chain of infection where does the pathogen grow and multiply?

A

Reservoir

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56
Q

Which of the following is a sign of infection in an older adult?

A

Confusion

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57
Q

Long bones

A

bear the bpdy’s weight

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58
Q

short bones

A

allow skill and ease movement. wrist, fingers, ankls, and toes

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59
Q

flat bones

A

protect the organs
skull, pelvic, ribs, shoulder blades

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60
Q

irregular bones

A

vertebrae in the spinal column. thye allow various degrees in movement, flexibility

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61
Q

ball and socket joint

A

allows all movement in all direction

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62
Q

hinge joint

A

allows movement in 1 direction

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63
Q

pivot joint

A

side to side turning
skill and spine

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64
Q

central nervous system

A

consist of the brain and spinal cord

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65
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

involves nerves throughout the body

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66
Q

the 3 main parts of the brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem

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67
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

speeds up functions

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68
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

slows down functions

69
Q

the bodys reaction to certain threat

A

specific immunity

70
Q

normal body substances that are involved in destroying abnormal or unwanted substances

A

antibodies

71
Q

substances that can cause an immune response

A

antigens

72
Q

white blood cells that digest and destroy microorganisms and other unwanted substances

A

phangocytes

73
Q

white blood cells that produce antibodies

A

lymphocytes

74
Q

the body’s reaction to anything it doesn’t recognize as a normal body substance

A

nonspecific immunity

75
Q

cells that destroy invading cells

A

T cells

76
Q

cells that cause the production of anitbodies that circulate in plasma

A

B cells

77
Q

Practices used to reduce the number of microbes and prevent their spread from one person to another

A

Medical asepsis
clean tecnique

78
Q

practices used to remove all microbes

A

surgical asepsis
sterile technique

79
Q

the chain of infection

A

-source
-reservoir
-portal of exit
-method of transmission
-portal of entry
-susceptible host

80
Q

Microbes need _______ to survive

A
  • need a reservoir (/host)
    -water
  • nurishment
    -oxygen
  • warm, dark environment with body temp
81
Q

Microbes that resist the effects of anitbiotics

A

multi-drug resistant organisms

MDROs

82
Q

process of destroying all microbes
pathogens and non-pathogens

A

sterilization

83
Q

process of killing pathogens

A

disinfection

84
Q

CDC precautions
used in all situations for all persons is called___

A

standard precautions

85
Q

used when persons have or may have certain infections
isolation precautions

A

transmission-based precautions

86
Q

1 ounce to mL

A

30 mL

87
Q

1 cup to mL

A

240 mL

88
Q

1 liter to mL

A

1000 mL

89
Q

1 teaspoon to mL

A

5 mL

90
Q

1 tablespoon to mL

A

15 mL

91
Q

1 cup to oz

A

8 oz

92
Q

Head of the bed is raised between 45 to 60 degrees

A

Fowler’s position

93
Q

the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees

A

semi-fowlers position

94
Q

head of the bed is raised 60 - 90 degrees

A

high-fowlers position

95
Q

Needs doctor note for it.
head of the bed is raised. foot of bed is lowered

A

reversed trendelenburg position

96
Q

head of bed is lowered. foot of bed is raised

A

trendelenburg position

97
Q

having the means to be completely free from public view while in bed

A

full visual privacy

98
Q

the bed is ready for a new patient. not in use

A

closed bed

99
Q

top linens are:
-fan folded to the foot of the bed. so the person can get in. is ready to use

A

open bed

100
Q

bed is made with the person in it. in use

A

occupied bed

101
Q

bed made to transfer a person from a stretcher to bed

A

surgical bed

102
Q

a small sheet placed over the middle of the bottom sheet to keep the mattress and bottom linens clean

A

drawsheet

103
Q

an absorbent pad with a quilted top layer and a waterproof bottom layer

A

waterproof underpad

104
Q

a covering used for privacy and warmth during bath, hygiene

A

bath blanket

105
Q

Bed linens in order:
bottom to top

A

mattress
bottom sheet
drawsheet
waterproof underpad
top sheet
blanket
bedspread
pillowcase

106
Q

the fuel/energy value of food

A

calorie

107
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

108
Q

a substance that is ingested, digested, absorbed, and used by the body

A

nutrient

109
Q

a soft waxy substance found in the bloodstream and all body cells

A

cholesterol

110
Q

the process involved in the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and use of food/fluids by the body

A

nutrition

111
Q

1 gram of fat

A

9 calories

112
Q

1 gram of protein

A

4 calories

113
Q

1 gram of carbohydrate

A

4 calories

114
Q

if breathing is harder than normal but the person can still have a conversation

A

moderate intensity

115
Q

if the person can say only a few words before needing a breath

A

vigorous intensity

116
Q

how long is moderate intensity weekly

A

2 hours and 30 min

117
Q

how long is vigorous intensity weekly

A

1 hour and 15 min

118
Q

the process of giving a tube feeding

A

gavage

119
Q

the loss of appettie

A

anorexia

120
Q

giving nutrients into the gastro-intestinal tract through a feeding tube

A

enteral nutrition

121
Q

breathing fluid and food into the lungs

A

aspiration

122
Q

the backward flow of stomach contents into the mouth

A

regurgitation

123
Q

a table seats 4-6 residents

A

social dining

124
Q

a buffet is open for several hours

A

open dining

125
Q

distractions are prevented

A

low-stimulation dining

126
Q

a feeding tube is inserted through the nose into the stomach

A

naso-gastric

127
Q

a feeding tube is inserted through a surgically created opening into the stomach

A

gastrostomy tube

128
Q

during feeding which bed position is best

A

semi fowlers or fowlers

129
Q

how long do they stay in the fowlers position after eating

A

1-2 hours

130
Q

swelling of body tissues with water

A

edema

131
Q

an adult needs ______mL of fluid daily to survive

A

1500mL

132
Q

________ pain is felt at the site of tissue damage and spreads to another areas

A

radiating

133
Q

_________pain seems to come from a body part that is no longer there

A

phantom

134
Q

How to apply PPE

A

gown
mask/respirator
eyewear
gloves

135
Q

how to remove PPE

A

gloves
goggles
gown
mask

136
Q

Sprain meaning

A

ligaments and stretched or torn

137
Q

Strain meaning

A

muscles or tendons are stretched or torn

138
Q

Limb holders

A

applied to the wrists

139
Q

mitt restraints

A

hands are placed in mitt restrains to prevent finger use

140
Q

belt restrains

A

prevent the person from getting out of bed, applied around the waist and secured to the bed or chair

141
Q

vest restraints and jacket restraints

A

applied on the chest

142
Q

Observe the person at least every ______min with restraints

A

15 minutes

143
Q

remove or release the restraint, reposition the person to meet basic needs every ______ hours

A

2 hours

144
Q

bed bath temp

A

110 - 115 F

145
Q

tub bath or shower temp

A

105 F

146
Q

perineal care temp

A

105 - 109 F

147
Q

partial bath

A

face
hands
underarms
back
buttocks
and perineal area

148
Q

To dress a person_____

A

put clothing on the affected side first weak side

149
Q

to undress a person_______

A

remove clothing from the unaffected side first, strong side

150
Q

Dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

151
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

152
Q

nocturia

A

frequent urination at night

153
Q

oliguria

A

less than 500mL in 24 hours

154
Q

polyuria

A

large amounts of urine

155
Q

urinary frequency

A

voiding at frequent intervals

156
Q

urinary incontinence

A

the involuntary leakage of urine

157
Q

urinary retention

A

not being able to completely empty the bladder

158
Q

urinary urgency

A

the need to void at once

159
Q

straight catheter

A

drains the bladder and then is removed

160
Q

indwelling catheter

A

foley catheter
is left in the bladder. urine drains constantly into the bag

161
Q

ostomy pouches is changed

A

every 2 - 7 days and when it leaks

162
Q

Heat

A

relieves pain
relaxes muscles
promotes healing
reduces tissue swelling
decreases joint stiffness

163
Q

Cold

A

reduces pain
prevent swelling
decrease circulation and bleeding
cool thee body when fever is present

164
Q

non-blanchable erythema of intact skin

A

intact skin and not blanchable

165
Q

partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis

A

wound is pink or red and moist. Intact blister

166
Q

full-thickness skin loss

A

skin is gone, fat can be seen in ulcer

167
Q

full-thickness skin and tissue loss

A

skin is gone, muscle,tendon,ligament,cartilage or bone is exposed

168
Q

obscured full thickness skin and tissue loss

A

there is skin and tissue loss, tissue damage cannot be seen

169
Q

persistent non blanchable deep red maroon or purple discolorization

A

intact or non-intact skin is deep. wound is dark and blood blister

cna 101 (17 decks)

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