Parasitology 1: Intro to Parasitology

Question 1

Explain what organisms are covered by the discipline of parasitology

Answer 1

Parasites are covered in parasitology – they are organisms that live in or on another living organism obtaining from it part or all of its nutrients

• wide defintion
  -eukaryotes

Question 2

What is the definition of definitive hosts?

Answer 2

FINAL HOST

Host in which sexual reproduction takes place

DIRECT life cycle - only host

Question 3

What is the definition of intermediate host?

Answer 3

Host in which only immature stages grow and develop. May or may not occur asexual reproduction.

ex. Snail in Fasciola hepatica

Question 4

What is the definition of a paratenic host?

Answer 4

Immature form NO development inside this host

Aka TRANSPORT host

Question 5

What is a mechanical vector?

Answer 5

like a contaminated instrument

Question 6

What is a biological vector?

Answer 6

parasite develops in the vector

Question 7

Life cycles are important–what are the two life cycles in parasitology?

Answer 7

Direct
and indirect

Question 8

Direct life cycle is described as

Answer 8

Simple

One host

ex. Eimeria bovis (calves)

Question 9

Indirect life cycle is described as

Answer 9

Other complex

Two or more host
ex. Fasciola hepatica (Cattle and snails)

Question 10

What is an example of abnormal host and what occurs?

Answer 10

Heart worm in humans is an abnormal occurences because humans are not normal hosts

This is abnormal because parasites can not transmit or continue they’re life cycle

Question 11

Host parasite relationship is simple or complicated?

Answer 11

Complicated

Question 12

What are the different kinds of location in host and what kind of parasite would it be?
hint* -parasite

Answer 12

Endoparasite/internal parasite

Ectoparasite/external

Question 13

Infection (___)

Infestation (___)

Answer 13

endo

ecto

Question 14

How do you describe the localization in tissue?
hint* -cellular

Answer 14

Extracellular

Intracellular

Question 15

What is the difference between macro and microparasite?

Answer 15

Macroparasites (do NOT multiply)

Microparasites ( multiply)

Question 16

Infectious

Answer 16

caused or capable of being communicated by infection

Question 17

How many stages can host be infected in?

Answer 17

ONLY ONE

INFECTIVE

Question 18

Prepatent Period

Answer 18

Mainly MACROparasites

Infection of definitive host til sexual maturity occurs

Question 19

Patency

Answer 19

all the life span of the parasite

Adult reproductive infection

Question 20

Infection does or does not equal disease?

Answer 20

does NOT

Question 21

Epidemiological Triangle is what?

Answer 21

the relationship and change between host, agents, and environments

Question 22

What FACTORS help determine pathogenesis of parasites?

Answer 22

of parasites

depend on many factors including
host immunity
and effect of parasite (virulence)

Question 23

parasite are not or are they equally distributed in a population?

Answer 23

they are NOT equally distributed

Question 24

What does aggregated (overdispersed) population mean?

Answer 24

that the parasites are not equally distributed in a population.

Question 25

Does infection = disease?

Answer 25

NO

Question 26

What is the 70-30 rule?

Answer 26

Describes how in a population usually you see a distribution that 30% of the population carries 70% of the parasitic infection majority

Question 27

What are the vet’s rule?

Answer 27

-Need to understand the SIGNIFICANCE of infection

-PREVENTION of infection

-INTEGRATED PARASITE MANAGEMENT

*Diagnosis and treatment
-know obstacle such as dr. google

Question 28

How do you diagnosis parasites?

Answer 28

Check
-morphologic
—microscope exam of feces, blood, tissue
—gross inspection of tissue and feces
—remains most common way to detect parasita (multicellular)

-immunologic assays
—Antigen or AB tests: used mostly with protozoan parasites

-molecular tests
—increasing (PCR)

Question 29

Infective

Answer 29

Parasite stage capable of infect the host. Many parasites are not able to cause infection until after some period of development in the environment

Question 30

Poor baby rule

Answer 30

How young animals are usually more susceptible to parasitic infection and diseases than adults

Question 31

Parasitological principles include? (5)

Answer 31

Parasitic infection is not synonymous with parasitic disease

Immunity often prevents disease but NOT infection/infestation

Poor baby rule

Parasites that have stages that must develop and survive in the environment ARE at the mercy of the weather (temp/moisture)

If you want to kill in the environment, desiccate it