Path 8: Chemical mediators of inflammation

Question 1

Chemical mediators of inflammation how do we subtype our mediators?

Answer 1

Preformed mediators in secretory granules
-histamine
serotonin
lysosomal enzymes

Newly synthesized
-prostaglandings
leukotrienes
platelets
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Factor Xii (Hageman factor) activation

Complement activation

Question 2

What are cell derived mediators?

Answer 2

Vasozactive amines
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Question 3

Histamines are?

Answer 3

Vasoactive

inPREFORMED state MAST CELLS, basophils and platelets in cytoplasmic granules

Released in response:
-physical injury
-immune reactions
-presence of complement fragments C3a and C5a

Actions:
-DILATION of arterioles
-increase VASCULAR PERMEABILITY of venules

Question 4

Seratonin

Answer 4

fromed in PLATELETS

same inflammation reaction as histamine

Question 5

Arachidonic acid metabolites

Answer 5

Products:
-EICOSANOIDS

Two primary classes:
PROSTAGLANDENINS
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Question 6

What are the big deal about this chart?

Answer 6

add**
email Dr.cecere about this

Question 7

Prostaglandins are produced by what?

Answer 7

Cyclooxygenases

-COX 1-constitutively expressed
-COX2 -inducible

Question 8

Lipoxygenase produce what?

Answer 8

LEukortienes

lipoxins
-lipoximis INHIBIOTRY

Question 9

Liver

Answer 9

Atrophy

nodules
-regenerative

Disease: Sepatic Cirrhosis

Question 10

Nitric oxide

Answer 10

produced by ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

synthesized: nitrix oxide synthase

functions in inflammation
-vasodilation
inhibits cellular inflamm response
–reduces platelet aggregation and adhesion
–inhibits leukocyte recruitment

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Question 11

What can CO synthase come from?

Answer 11

ENDOTHELIAL CELLS NOS

inducible NOS comes from macrophages

Question 12

Cytokines mediators

Answer 12

polypeptides produced primarily by MACROPHAGES AND LYMPHOCYTES

action is modulation of activities of other cells

involved in acute
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Question 13

What is inflammatory stimuli?

Answer 13

micorbial products

other cytokines

toxins

Question 14

Activation of macrophages moves to what and what effects does this have?

Answer 14

TNF/ IL-1

-Local effects
-Systemic effects

Question 15

Local effects include was and what do they do?

Question 16

Systemic effects include are and what do they do?

Question 17

Plasma protein mediators Complement and what is it’s purpose

Answer 17

DEFENSE AGAINST MICROBES
-formation of MAC

activation causes:
-increase vascular permeability
-chemotaxis
-opsonization

Main components are present as inactive plasma precursors (C1-9)

Question 18

Whats the big deal with this chart?

Answer 18

add** and check with Dr.cecere

Question 19

What does Anaphylatoxins include?

Answer 19

C3a
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Question 20

What is this and whats the big deal?

Answer 20

Protein losing nephropathy

Complement in bowman capsule in the base membrane of the glomerulus making it unable to work and causing leakage