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PMP-101 > Brain structure = NS > Flashcards

Brain structure = NS Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum

A

involved in movement and coordination + posture

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2
Q

Diencenphalon

A

involved in regulation of the autonomic and endocrine

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3
Q

Brainstem

A

Involved in sensory-motor relays and vital autonomic function

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4
Q

Spinal cord

A

Relays information from the body to the brain

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5
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

Responsible for processing and memory

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6
Q

Cerebrum structure

A

bulk of the brain, divided into two hemispheres

separate: connected by white matter tract called corpus colosseum

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7
Q

Corpus colossum

A

large bundle of neuronal axons that pass between L + R hemispheres (allows communication)

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8
Q

Grey matter

A

outer layer of brain

cell bodies of neurones

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9
Q

White matter

A

Axons of these neurones

signals conducted from one area of grey matter to another

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10
Q

Myelin

A

insulates, surrounds neurone axons

fatty - white colour

Increases speed + distance at which signal can transverse along nerve

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11
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

motor area in 1 hemisphere controls movements

On which side of the body?
Opposite side

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12
Q

How many lobes is the hemisphere split into?

A

4 hempispheres

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13
Q

Name the 4 lobes in the hemisphere:

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Occipital
  4. Temporal
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14
Q

Role of the frontal lobe:

A

-planning movements
-generates nerve impulses that imitate movements
-working memory

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15
Q

Role of parietal lobe:

A

-Generates sensory info e.g. auditory/ visual/ somatosensory/ proprioceptive info

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16
Q

Role of occipital lobe:

A

-visual cortex located
-primary visual cortex
-well defined map of visual - info received from outside world

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17
Q

Role of temporal lobe:

A

-auditory cortex
- receives auditory info

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18
Q

Cerebella lesion/ injuries, symptoms?

A

Difficulty performing rapid alternations movements

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19
Q

Dienccephalon

A

Receives sensory inputs from every part of the bod (except for a-factory inputs - sense of smell)

regulating the endocrine and autonomic systems

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20
Q

Diencephalon sits on top of brain stem and compromises the following parts:

A

-thalamus
-sub-thalamus
-hypothalamus
-epithalamus

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21
Q

Thalamus position

A

More SUPERIOR (above) portion of diencephalon

sensory info ascending cerebral cortex

22
Q

Composition of thalamus

A

numerous thalamic nuclei - functional speciality

23
Q

Thalamus respoinsibilities

A
  1. medication sensation
  2. motor activities
  3. cortical crucial learning
  4. memory
24
Q

Hypothalamus position

A

extends INTERFERIORLY + ANTERIORLY (below/infront) the thalamus

INFERIOR to the hypothalamus

25
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

facilitate homeostasis =
nervous + endocrine organ, numerous functions

  • automatic contact centre
    -regulation of body temp
  • reg of food intake
  • reg of water balance + thirst
  • reg of sleep-wake cycles
  • control of endocrine system
26
Q

Sub-thalamus position

A

INFERIOR to the thalamus and lateral (to the side) of the hypothalamus

27
Q

Sub-thalamus MAIN strutcure

A

Sub-thalamus > subthalamatic nucleus
- processing that occurs in basal ganglia

28
Q

Epiothalamus

A

-relay station between sense + cerebral cortex
- pineal gland is part of epithalamus

29
Q

Brainstem (3 parts)

A
  • Medulla oblongata (elongated)
  • Midbrain
  • Pons (bridge)
30
Q

Midbrain position

A

Most SUPERIOR, located INFERIOR to thalamus

31
Q

Midbrain compositions

A

Fibres linking different components of the motor systems

Cerebellum, basal, ganglia

Contains nuclei involved in voluntary moments, motor junctions, coordination of visual + auditory reflexes
-regulation of rhythms, thermoregulation

32
Q

Pons

A
  • contains storage bulge
  • inferior to midbrain
  • SUPERIOR to medula oblongata + ANTERIOR to cerebellum
  • white matter tracts + nuclei, relay signals from forebrain to cerebullum
33
Q

Medulla

A

oblongata; most INFERIOR of brainstem + is continuous with spinal cord

  • white matter structures in the medulla (PYRAMIDS) contains motor fibres of the cortiopinal and curticebullar tracts = descending signals from brain to medulla and spinal cord
34
Q

Medulla contains nuclei - functions

A
  • regulate cardiovascular system
  • respiratory rhythm + digestion
35
Q

Spinal cord position

A
  • connects brain to rest of body
  • two way conduction system; provides neuronal pathways to form brain
  • spinal cord extents from medulla in brainstem to LOWER SPINE
36
Q

Spinal cord synapse occur between….

A

CNS + PNS

37
Q

Whats is a synapse?

A

Junction (conjunction) between the nerve cells across the junction that signals are sent from are nerve cell to another through chemical transmission.

38
Q

Sensory neurones:

A

-enter spinal cord from the periphery through the dorsal horns
-incoming neurones synapse with grey matter of either the spinal cord on the medulla
-axons of ascending neurones extend into the white matter tracts to accord to brain

39
Q

Motor neurones:

A

-cell bodies of lower motor neurones muscle within the ventral horn
-axons exit spinal cord through these horns
- upper motor neurones that descend from brain in the white mater tracts
- axons extend with grey matter where their axons terminals synapse their axon terminals synapse with fewer motor neurones in ventral horns

40
Q

Interneurone; crucial role to spinal cord and reflexes =

A

small, unmylinated interneurones may synapse between sensory neurones that enter dorsal horn + motor neurones that exit ventral horn

41
Q

White matter -

A

Tracts contain axons of ascending or descending neurones which carry signals to or from brain

42
Q

Ascending tracts -

A
  • axons of sensory neurones which relay sensory inputs from the PNS to thalamus
43
Q

Ascending tracts - orginisation

A

Organised by type of info - sensory info - touch, small, sound, being relayed + body location that it e.g axons that carry touch info - from upper limb travel in dame area of same ascending tract

44
Q

Descending tracts

A

Contains axons of upper motor neurones replaying motor commands from motor cortex or automatic centre in brain the PNS

45
Q

Descending tracts organised:

A

Ascending / descending tracts organised according to type of info the carry and the ultimate their commands

46
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Dorsal + ventral roots
- dorsal roots + ventral roots connect the nerve fibres from PNS to CNS

47
Q

Dorsal

A

afferent (carry sensory into the CNA from PNS)

48
Q

Ventral

A

Efferent (carry motor info from the CNS to PNS)

49
Q

Dorsal root ganglion; part of dorsal root contains….

A

call bodies of sensory nerve fibres

50
Q

Spinal nerve - dorsal and ventral roots join to form spinal nerve

A

Spinal nerve is a wired nerve, carries both sensory + motor neurones

51
Q

How many pairs of spinal cords do humans have?

A

31 pairs

PMP-101 (53 decks)

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