Skeletal system Flashcards
Major functions of the skeletal systems;
- support
- protection
- assistance in movement (muscles, power, tendons connect)
- mineral storage and release (blood/boje Calsium and Phosphorous levels maintained)
- blood cell production (red marrow present in certain use haematopoesis to produce RBCs, white cells, platelets)
Axial
Axial = along the axis
~80 Bones
Essentially houses the vital parts of the body
Appendicular
Appendicular = appendage
~126 Bones
- locomotion
Cartilage – protects joints,
Tendons – connects muscles to bone
Ligaments – connects bones to bones
The skeletal system
Bones
Associated connective tissues; include cartilage, tendons and ligaments
List the types of bones;
Sesamoid ( lie within tendons)
Short bones
Flat bones
Long bones
Irregular bones
Functions of Bones
support and articulation
Structure of different bones
Vary in proportions of:
Compact bone
dense and solid in appearance
Protection and strength
Repeating circular units
osteons
Cancellous (spongy) bone
characterized by open space partially filled with needle-like structures = trabeculae
Strength without weight
Short, flat, and irregular bones»_space;
Inner portion = is cancellous /spongy bone
Outer portion = covered on the outside with compact bone
Anatomy of a long bone
Diaphysis
Hollow
outside compact bone
Inner - spongy
Support without weight
Epiphyses (plural)
Both ends
Cancellous / spongy
Composition of bone matrix
Inorganic salts; Hydroxyapatite :
chemical crystals of Calcium and Phosphate
Compression strength
Organic matrix; Composite of collagen (rope-like) fibres and proteoglycans
Flexible strength
How many cells in a matrix of bones?
relatively small number
What is the bone marrow?
Specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue; called myeloid tissue
Bone marrow - haematopoiesis
Site for the production of blood cells
Medullary cavities of Long bone and in spaces of spongy bone= name two types of bone marrow
1) Red marrow
2) Yellow marrow
1) Red marrow
Found in virtually all bones in an infant’s or child’s body
Produce red blood cells
