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Orthotic Fitter > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones in the human body?

A

206 bones

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2
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Skull, Ribs, Sternum, Vertebral Column (80 bones total)

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3
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Upper and Lower limbs, pelvic girdle, pectoral (shoulder) girdle (126 bones total)

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4
Q

Mandible

A

Movable jawbone. Only movable joint in the skull. Articulates with temporal bone

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5
Q

Cranium

A

Superior portion of the skull. Protects the brain from damage

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6
Q

Facial bones

A

Inferior/Anterior portion of the skull. Supports the structure of the eyes, nose and mouth

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7
Q

Cervical Spine

A

Bones of the neck. 7 Cervical vertebrae, named C1-C7

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8
Q

Thoracic Spine

A

12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

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9
Q

Lumbar Spine

A

Lower back. 5 Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

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10
Q

Sacrum

A

1 vertebrae

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11
Q

Coccyx

A

Tailbone, 1 vertebrae

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12
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone, thin, knife-shaped bone. Located along the midline of anterior side. Connected to the ribs via costal cartilage

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13
Q

Ribcage

A

12 pairs of ribs + the sternum.

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14
Q

True ribs

A

First 7 ribs. Attach the vertebrae directly to the sternum through a band of costal cartilage

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15
Q

False ribs

A

Ribs 8, 9, and 10. Connect to sternum through cartilage of the 7th rib.

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16
Q

Floating ribs

A

Ribs 11 & 12. No cartilage attachment to the sternum

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17
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A

L & R scapulae and L & R clavicles. Connects the upper arm bones to the axial skeleton

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18
Q

Humerus

A

Bone of the upper arm. Forms ball and socket joint with the scapula.

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19
Q

Radius & Ulna

A

Bones of the forearm.
Radius: allows forearm/hand to turn over the wrist joint
Ulna: medial side, hinge joint with the humerus at the elbow

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20
Q

Carpals

A

Bones of the wrist (8 small bones)
Connects to the 5 metacarpal bones of the hand.

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21
Q

Bones of the finger

A

Each finger has 3 phalanges.
Distal, Intermediate/middle, and proximal.
Thumb has 2 phalanges

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22
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

L & R hip bones
Connects lower limbs/legs to the axial skeleton.

23
Q

Femur

A

Largest bone in the body.
Only bone in thigh/femoral region.
Forms the knee joint with the patella and tibia.

24
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap
Not present at birth
Formed in early childhood for crawling and walking

25
Q

Tibia

A

Bears most of the body’s weight.
Larger than the fibula
Bone in the lower leg

26
Q

Fibula

A

Mainly a muscle attachment.
Used to help maintain balance

27
Q

Tibia & Fibula

A

Form ankle joint with the talus bone
Bones of the lower leg

28
Q

Tarsals

A

7 small bones
Forms the posterior end of foot and heel.
Forms joint with 5 metatarsal bones

29
Q

Metatarsals

A

Each form joint with the set of phalanges
Each toes = 3 phalanges
Big/Great toe = 2 phalanges

30
Q

Types of Bones

A

Short
Long
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

31
Q

Characteristics of Short Bones

A

About as long as they are wide
Often cube/rounded in shape
Ex: Carpal & Tarsal bones

32
Q

Characteristics of Long Bones

A

Longer than they are wide
Major bones of the body
Epiphysis, Metaphysis, diaphysis

33
Q

Characteristics of Flat Bones

A

Vary greatly in size/shape
Often very thin in one direction

34
Q

Characteristics of Irregular Bones

A

Do not fit the pattern or characteristics of other types of bones

35
Q

Characteristics of Sesamoid Bones

A

Formed after birth inside tendons that run across joints
Protects tendons from stress/strains @ the join to give a mechanical advantage to muscles pulling tendons

36
Q

Joint (define)

A

Point of contact between bones or bones/cartilage.

37
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Most common type of articulation.
Small gap between bones filled with synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.

38
Q

Types of Synovial Joints

A

4 Types
Hinge
Gliding
Saddle
Ball & Socket

39
Q

Hinge Joint

A

Open/Close like a hinged door
Ex: Knee & Elbow

40
Q

Gliding Joint

A

Between the surface of 2 flat bones held together by ligaments
Ex: some of wrist/ankle joints

41
Q

Saddle Joint

A

Rock back/forth and side/side with limited rotation
Ex: only in thumb joint

42
Q

Ball & Socket Joint

A

Allow for movement in many directions.
Ex: Shoulder / Hip

43
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Where bones meet cartilage or where there is cartilage between joints.

44
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of a long bone

45
Q

Diaphysis

A

Middle of a long bone

46
Q

Metaphysis

A

Region of growth/fusion between epiphysis and diaphysis

47
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Shock absorber and gliding surface between bones to facilitate movement

48
Q

Periosteum

A
  • Thin layer of dense connective tissue covering the outside of a bone.
  • Contains many strong collagen fibers that are used to anchor tendons and muscles to the bone for movement.
  • Stem cells/osteoblasts are involved in growth & repair.
  • Blood vessels provide energy to cells on the surface of bone and penetrate bone to nourish inside.
  • Contains nervous tissue/nerve endings for bone sensitivity.
49
Q

Types of Muscle Tissue

A

Smooth, cardiac, skeletal

50
Q

Characteristics of Smooth Muscle

A

Non striated.
Involuntary control.
Located in walls of internal structures (blood vessels, stomach, intestines, urinary bladder)

51
Q

Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle

A

Forms the walls of the heart.
Striated.
Contraction is involuntary.

52
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle

A

Attached to bones.
Striated (alternating light/dark bands/striations that run perpendicular to eh long axes of the fibers)
Voluntary/Conscious control (made to contract/relax)

53
Q

Tendons

A

Tough bands of fibrous connective tissue.
Connects muscle to bone.
Made of collagen.
Can withstand tension.

54
Q

Ligaments

A

Fibrous bands/sheets of connective tissue.
Connects 2+ bones, cartilages or structures.
Excessive movement is restricted by ligaments.

Orthotic Fitter (30 decks)

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