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CC2 > Tumor markers > Flashcards

Tumor markers Flashcards

1
Q

5 characteristics of ideal tumor markers

A

specific
lead time
sensitive
short half life
cost effective

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2
Q

highly specific to a given tumor and absent in healthy populations

A

specific

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3
Q

present in measurable amounts even in small tumor growth

A

lead time

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4
Q

low false positive rates

A

sensitive

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5
Q

correlates woth progression or regression of malignancy

A

short half life

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6
Q

acceptable to yarget population and easily obtainable sample

A

cost effective

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7
Q

Two classification of tumor markers

A

according to location
according to chemical structure

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8
Q

classification of tumor markers according to location

A

circulating tumor markers
tumor tissue marker

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9
Q

found in urine, blood stool and other body fluids and determined by RMT

A

circulating tumor markers

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10
Q

found in tissue biopsy and determined by pathologist

A

tumor tissue marker

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11
Q

function of circulating tumor marker

A
  1. estimate prognosis
  2. detect residual disease
  3. assess treatment response
  4. monitor resistance to therapy
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12
Q

function of tumor tissue marker

A
  1. diagnose, stage, classify tumor
  2. estimate prognosis
  3. select appropriate treatment
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13
Q

types of tumor markers according to chemical structure

A
  1. enzyme
  2. hormone
  3. oncofetal antigen
  4. tumor associated antigen
  5. special serum proteins
  6. miscellaneous markers
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14
Q

enumerate enzyme tumor markers

A
  1. ACP
  2. ALP
  3. LDH
  4. tdt
  5. neuron-specific enolase
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15
Q

ACP

A

> 3 ng/mL
advanced phase of prostatic cancer

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16
Q

ALP

A

metastases of bone, liiver and osteogenic sarcomas

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17
Q

LDH

A

lung
cervix
colon
leukemia
lymphoma

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18
Q

tdt

A

terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase
leukemia

19
Q

neuron specific enolase

A

neuroblastoma
brain tumor
small cell tumor of the lungs

20
Q

enumerate hormone tumor markers

A
  1. b-hCG
  2. catecholamine
  3. calcitonin
  4. adenocorticotropic hormone
  5. thymidine kinase
21
Q

beta HCG

A

hormone chorionic gonadotropin
1. trophoblastic tumors
2. choriocarcinoma
3. germ cell tumor of ovary and testes

pregnancy, hydatidifor moles

22
Q

catecholamines

A

pheochromocytoma
neuroblastoma
ganglioneroma

23
Q

calcitonin

A

medullary thyroid tumor

24
Q

adenocorticotropic hormone

A

adrenal
cell carcinoma of lungs

25
Q

thymidine kinase

A

leukemia
lymphoma
brain tumor
breast cancer
small cell lung cancer

26
Q

enumerate oncofetal antigen

A
  1. alpha fetoprotein
  2. carcino embryonic antigen
27
Q

AFP

A

95-100% sensitivity and specificity for primary liver or hepatocellular cancer

60% for nonseminoma germ tumor for prostate, lung, ovary, testes, gastric

28
Q

CEA

A

colorectal cancer
breasts lung and other metastases

29
Q

enumerate tumor associated antigen

A
  1. CA 15 3
  2. CA 125
  3. CA 19 9
  4. PSA
30
Q

CA 15 3

A

Breast cancer
prostatic, ovarian, gastrointestinal, cervical

31
Q

CA 125

A

Ovarian cancer
breast
benign and malignant gynecological diseases (endometriosis, endometiiral cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer)
non gynecological (lung, prostatic, peritoneal malignant mesothelioma)

32
Q

CA 19 9

A

pancreatic and liver cancer
colorectal
ovarian
gastrointestinal

33
Q

PSA

A

prostatic cancer

34
Q

enunerate special serum proteins

A
  1. ferritin
  2. thyroglobulin
  3. beta 2 microglobulin
  4. bombesin
  5. S 100
35
Q

ferritin

A

leukemic states
1. leukemia
2. lymphoma (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)
others
1. prostatic
2. liver
3. lung

36
Q

thyroglobulin

A

follicular thyroid carcinoma

37
Q

beta 2 microglobulin

A

lung
pancreatic
colorectal
breast
especially: LYMPHOMA
CHRONIC LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA

38
Q

bombesin

A
  1. pancreatic cancer
  2. neuroblastoma
  3. gastric cancer
  4. small cell carcinoma of lungs
39
Q

S 100

A

meningioma
astrocytoma
neurinoma
glioblastoma
prognostic factor: MALIGNANT MELANOMA

40
Q

enumerate miscellaneous markers

A
  1. polyamines
  2. nucleosides
  3. tissue polypeptide antigen
41
Q

enumerate polyamines

A

spermine
spermidine
putrescine

urine in rapid regeneration of cells in certain tissues

42
Q

nucleosides

A
  1. dimethylguanosine
  2. pseudoridine
    eneter circulation in large amounts in enhanced cellular proliferation
43
Q

non specific marker of enhance cellular proliferation

A

tissue polypeptide antigen

CC2 (11 decks)

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