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CC2 > Toxicology 2 > Flashcards

Toxicology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

clinical syndromes that comprise a variety of
clinical signs and symptoms that suggest a specific class of poisoning

A

Toxic syndromes or “Toxidromes”

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2
Q

Anticholinergic toxidromes

A

picking movements
abnormal speech
agitation
apprehension
tremor
confusion
hallucination

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3
Q

Cholinergic toxidromes (acetylcholine neurotransmitter)

A

Cardiotoxicity (tachydysrhythmia or bradydysrhythmia)
muscular weakness
respiratory failure (increased airway
resistance, neuromuscular failure and depression of central respiratory centers)

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4
Q

Opioid toxidromes

A

Bradycardia
coma
hypotension
hypothermia
respiratory depression

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5
Q

Sedative hypnotic toxidromes

A

Diplopia (seeing 2 images instead of one)
nystagmus (involuntary, repetitive and rapid eye movements)

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6
Q

Sympathomimetic (norepinephrine
neurotransmitter)

A

CNS excitation
diaphoresis
hypertension
hyperpyrexia
mydriasis (unusual widening or dilation of the pupils)

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7
Q

Abnormal speech, agitation, apprehension, confusion, hallucination, picking movements and tremor

A

Anticholinergic

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8
Q

Cardiotoxicity (tachydysrhythmia or bradydysrhythmia), muscular weakness, respiratory failure (increased airway resistance, neuromuscular failure and depression of central respiratory centers)

A

Cholinergic

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9
Q

Bradycardia, coma, hypotension, hypothermia and respiratory depression

A

Opioid

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10
Q

Diplopia (seeing 2 images instead of one) and nystagmus (involuntary, repetitive and rapid eye movements)

A

Sedative hypnotic

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11
Q

CNS excitation, diaphoresis, hypertension, hyperpyrexia and mydriasis (unusual widening or dilation of the pupils)

A

Sympathomimetic

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12
Q

four types of chemical interactions

A

additive
synergistic
potentiation
antagonistic

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13
Q

occurs when the combined effect of two chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of each agent alone.

A

additive effect

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14
Q

when the combined effects of two chemicals are
much greater than the sum of the effects of each agent given alone.

A

synergistic effect

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15
Q

when the toxic effect of one chemical is enhanced in the presence of a toxicologically unrelated agent.

A

Potentiation

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16
Q

opposing actions of two or more chemical
agents or when these chemicals interfere with each other’s actions

A

Antagonistic

17
Q

3 TYPES OF TOXICITY?

A

Immediate versus delayed toxicity
Reversible versus irreversible toxicity
Local versus systemic toxicity

18
Q

occur rapidly after a single administration of the
substance

A

Immediate toxic effects

19
Q

occur after the lapse of some time

A

delayed toxic effects

20
Q

Most toxic substances produce _____toxic effects, except _____

A

immediate
carcinogenic chemicals (20-30 yrs)

21
Q

determines reversible versus irreversible toxicity

A

ability of the injured tissue to regenerate

22
Q

Toxic injuries to the ______ are often reversible
______ are irreversible

A

liver
CNS

23
Q

chemicals considered to have irreversible toxic effects.

A

Carcinogenic and teratogenic

24
Q

occurs at the site of first contact

A

Local toxicity

25
Q

requires metabolism of the toxic substance from its entry point to a distant site, wherein deleterious
effects are produced.

A

systemic toxicity

26
Q

Most substances produce (Local versus systemic)

A

systemic effects

27
Q

Target organs in order of frequency of involvement in systemic toxicity are

A

CNS
circulatory system (blood, hematopoietic system)
visceral organs (liver, kidney, lung, skin)

28
Q

seldom target tissues for systemic effects.

A

Muscle and bone

29
Q

Allergic reactions typically involve a ___ complex to illicit an immune response.

A

hapten-protein

30
Q

refers to a genetically determined abnormal reaction to a chemical

A

chemical idiosyncrasy

31
Q

histogram that basically describes the comparison of
responses of a therapeutic drug over a range of doses.

A

dose-response curve

32
Q

x-axis of dose-response curve

A

logarithm concentration of the drug

33
Q

y- axis

A

response effect

34
Q

highest dose of a drug or chemical at which no response is measured

A

no observable effect level (NOEL),

35
Q

the dose at which an effect is first measured

A

lowest observable effect level (LOEL)

36
Q

the dose of the drug that would be
predicted to produce a toxic response in 50% of the population

A

TD50

37
Q

the dose that would be predicted to be effective or having a therapeutic benefit in 50% of the population.

A

ED50

CC2 (11 decks)

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