Struxture & Function Of The Cardio Resporitary System Flashcards
What is the pathway of air?
Breath in through (nose and mouth)
Then into the (trachea), divides into (bronchi) further divides into (bronchioles) then into (lungs) then open to (alveoli)
What is gaseous exchange?
Where oxygen diffuses into blood capillaries combining with blood to for oxygenated). Then diffused out the alveoli and carbon dioxide (carried by heamaglobin)diffuses into the alveoli and out of the blood capillaries.
What factors help Gas exchange?
Alveoli - small in size and large in numbers(provides large surface area for GE)
Surface of alveoli &blood capillaries are very thin and moist
Alveoli and capillaries touch each other creating short distance to travel for diffusion
Surrounded by blood capillaries (large supply of blood for Gas Diffusion
What are the arteries?(4pts)
They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except for pulmonary artery),
-carry blood under high pressure.
-Has a thick muscular and elastic walls to pump blood
-the lumen is narrow
-Quit large lumen diameter
What do the veins do?
. Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart(except pulmonary vein)
.carry blood under low pressure
.has thin walls
.has wide lumen diameter
.has valves
What is the role of the capillaries ?
To connect veins and arteries. Are one .
cell thick to allow gas exchange(diffusion)
.Has a small lumen diameter
.walls burst under pressure
What is the difference between vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
In vasodilation the blood vessels get wider to allow more blood and oxygen to pass through. Whilst vasoconstriction narrows blood vessels to stop blood flowing through easily.
What are the 4 cavities (chambers) of the heart?
(Top)
Left atrium
Right atrium
(Bottom)
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
What is the cardiac cycle? [3STG]
A pathway of blood through the heart
STAGE 1
[ deoxygenated blood from the body enters the vena cava, then into the right atrium, then flows to right ventricle. Then is pumped out through the pulmonary artery that takes it to the lungs]
STAGE 2
[within the lungs undergoes gaseous exchange which oxygenates the blood]
STAGE 3
[oxygenated blood then travel through the pulmonary vein, then through left atrium, then left ventricle. The aorta will then pump the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body{muscles}]
Why are there valves in the ventricle?
To prevent the back-flow of blood. Leaving the heart in the right direction.
What is the difference between diastole and systole?
Diastole: when chambers is relaxed and filled with blood
Systole: when the chambers contracts and eject blood from heart
What is the cardiac output? (And def of words)
Cardiac output=heart rate X stroke volume
HR: number of time heart beaters per minute
SV: amount of blood ejected from the heart via left ventricle
W: volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute
Explain the process of inhalation?
When intercostal muscles contract to help move ribs up& out, which enlarged the chest cavity. Expanding the lungs. Allows oxygen to enter through nose and mouth. Then when inhaling the diaphragm contracts (flattens).
This proves reduces the air pressure in the chest cavity. Which in increases oxygenated air to the lungs
Lung will expand (pectorals and sternocleidomastoid help)
Explain the process of exhalation?
The intercostal muscles relax, reducing chest cavity. From diaphragm moving back into dome. Therefore increasing air pressure In Chest cavity, and for deoxygenated air to leave the lungs.
What are the 5 measurements on a spirometer to test the lungs capacity?
Tidal volume: normal amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath
Expiratory reserve volume: amount of air that can be forced out after normal expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume: amount of air that can be forced in after normal breath
Residual volume: amount of air remained in the lungs after maximal expiration
Vital capacity: largest volume of air forcibly expired after deepest inhalation
