Nutrients

Question 1

State the seven kinds of nutrients

Answer 1

Water, Minerals, Vitamins, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Fibres

Question 2

State the use of water

Answer 2

Water is used as a solvent. It is used to keep our cells turgid

Question 3

State the structure of water

Answer 3

H2O

Question 4

What is a mineral

Answer 4

Minerals are ions dissolved in water

Question 5

State the use of minerals

Answer 5

Minerals are used to keep us healthy. For example, iron is needed to make haemoglobin in our red blood cells

Question 6

Give examples of some minerals

Answer 6

Fe2+
K+
Ca2+

Question 7

What is a vitamin

Answer 7

Vitamins are small molecules

Question 8

State the use of vitamins

Answer 8

Vitamins are used to keep us healthy. Each vitamin has a specific purpose. For example, vitamin C is important for making connective tissue, and vitamin D helps to make strong bones

Question 9

What is a protein

Answer 9

Proteins are large molecules made up of chains of amino acids

Question 10

State the use of proteins

Answer 10

Proteins are needed for growth and repair.
For example, all enzymes are proteins and muscle cells may contain proteins

Proteins act as:
structural components of tissues such as muscles and tendons
hormones such as insulin
antibodies, which destroy pathogens and are part of the immune system
enzymes, which act as catalysts.

Question 11

What is a carbohydrate

Answer 11

Carbohydrates are large molecules made from chains of sugars.
For example starch and glycogen are long chains of glucose.

Question 12

State the use of carbohydrates

Answer 12

Carbohydrates are needed for energy in the body as glucose is used in respiration

Question 13

What is a lipid

Answer 13

Lipids are molecules made of one glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid. These cannot dissolve in water.

Question 14

State what lipids are used for

Answer 14

Lipids are used as an energy store and used in respiration when needed.
Lipids are used to make hormones. For example testosterone.
Lipids are used to make the cell membrane

Question 15

What is fibre

Answer 15

Fibre is cellulose (used to strengthen plants’ cell walls)

Question 16

State the use of fibre

Answer 16

It is a type of carbohydrate as it is long chains of glucose molecules. However humans do not have the right digestive enzymes to be able to digest it.

Fibre is needed to maintain healthy digestion. Fibre helps food to move through the digestive system

Question 17

Give examples of carbohydrate (/starch)-rich foods

Answer 17

Carbohydrate-rich food include bread, potatoes, rice and pasta.

Question 18

Give examples of Lipid-rich foods

Answer 18

Lipid-rich food includes all the oils (such as olive oil and corn oil), butter, margarine, cheese and cream.

Question 19

Give examples of Protein-rich foods

Answer 19

Protein -rich food include meat, fish, pulses and cheese.

Question 20

What affects whether lipids are liquid oil or solid fat

Answer 20

The different combination of fatty acids affects whether the lipid ill be a liquid oil or a solid fat.

Question 21

Give an example of a simple sugar

Answer 21

Examples of simple sugars include:
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
Sucrose(sugar)

Question 22

Give an example of a complex carbohydrate

Answer 22

Examples of complex carbohydrates include:
Starch
Cellulose

Question 23

Relationship between starch and carbohydrates

Answer 23

Starch is a type of carbohydrate.