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gcse biology > Unit 1 - Cell Biology > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

State the two main types of cells

A

Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells

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2
Q

Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of ______

A

Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells

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3
Q

A prokaryote is a ______

A

A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell (a single-celled organism)

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4
Q

What is a Eukaryotic cell

A

Eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus

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5
Q

What is a Prokaryotic cell

A

In prokaryotic cells, the genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in a nucleus

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6
Q

Give some examples of eukaryotic cells

A

Plant cells
Animal cells

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7
Q

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

A

Bacterial cells

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8
Q

Which of the types of cells are the smallest

A

Bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells) are much smaller in comparison to Eukaryotic cells

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9
Q

Describe the differences between Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells

A

Eukaryotic cells are cells from eukaryotes that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic information enclosed in a nucleus

Prokaryotic cells are cells from prokaryotic organisms that have a cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, and a cell wall that does not contain cellulose. The genetic material is a DNA loop that is free in the cytoplasm and not enclosed by a nucleus. Sometimes there are one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids

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10
Q

What does the genetic material of Prokaryotic cells consist of

A

A loop of DNA
Plasmids

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11
Q

Draw and label a bacterial cell

A

Page 8
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Plasmids
Flagella
Genetic material (DNA loop)
Cytoplasm

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12
Q

How many metres are in a centimetre

A

1cm = 1 x 10^-2 m = 0.01 m

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13
Q

How many metres are in a millimetre

A

1 mm = 1 x 10^-3 m = 0.001 m

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14
Q

How many metres are in a micrometres

A

1 micrometre = 1µm = 1 x 10^-6 m = 0.000001

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15
Q

How many metres are in a nanometre

A

1nm = 1 x 10^-9m = 0.000000001

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16
Q

Convert
1mm into micrometres

A

1mm = 1000µm

17
Q

Convert
1µm into nanometres

A

1µm = 1000 nm

18
Q

How big is a typical human cell

A

Typical human cell = 10 - 20 µm

19
Q

What does 1 order of magnitude mean

A

1 order of magnitude means 10x

The pineapple is 1 order of magnitude larger than the lemon

20
Q

If object A is 100 times longer than object B, how would you compare them in terms of order of magnitude

A

Object A is 2 orders of magnitude longer than Object B

21
Q

Complete the sentence
Every order of magnitude is ______ greater than the one before

A

Complete the sentence
Every order of magnitude is 10x greater than the one before

22
Q

How many orders of magnitude
in the sizes
10x
100x
1000x

A

10x = one zero = one order of magnitude
100x = two zeros = two orders of magnitude
1000x = three zeros = three orders of magnitude

23
Q

Example question
A fox is around 40cm long. A tick living on a fox is around 0.4cm long.
How many orders of magnitude is the fox longer than the tick?

A

How much longer the fox is than the tick
40/0.4 = 100x
100x = two orders of magnitude
The fox is two orders of magnitude longer than the tick.

24
Q

State the sub-cellular structures found in animal cells

A

a nucleus
* cytoplasm
* a cell membrane
* mitochondria
* ribosomes.

25
Q

Draw and label an animal cell

A

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z2sy8mn/large

26
Q

State the function of the nucleus

A

Contains genetic material (DNA) which controls the activities of the cell

27
Q

State the function of the cytoplasm

A

A gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place

28
Q

State the function of the cell membrane

A

Cell membrane - The cell membrane controls the molecules that can enter and leave the cell

29
Q

State the function of mitochondria

A

Mitochondria are where aerobic respiration takes place

30
Q

State the function of ribosomes

A

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

gcse biology (51 decks)

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