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gcse biology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of blood

A

The functions of blood are to:

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body
Transport carbon dioxide from the cell back to the lungs
Transport nutrients from the digestive system to the cells
Transport waste products from cells to the liver and kidneys for treatments and disposal
Transport heat around the body
Transport water and salts around the body
Transport white blood cells to fight infections
Transport hormones around the body
Regulate the body’s internal pH levels

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2
Q

Give an example of waste product produced by the cells in the body

A

Carbon dioxide

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3
Q

Name the 4 components of blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets

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4
Q

State the percentages of each component of blood

A

Plasma - 55%
White blood cells and platelets <1%
Red blood cells 45%

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5
Q

What does the human circulatory systen consist of

A

Blood
Blood vessels
Heart

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6
Q

What is blood

A

Blood is a tissue consisting of plasma, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended

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7
Q

Draw the different components of blood

A

Red blood cell
https://cdn.savemyexams.co.uk/cdn-cgi/image/w=1920,f=auto/uploads/2020/01/Red-Blood-Cells.png

White blood cell
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fstudymind.co.uk%2Fnotes%2Fblood-plasma-and-red-blood-cells%2F&psig=AOvVaw2nEj_lcjBEfzze9-Zc6pUF&ust=1669658259092000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCJC_yeb3zvsCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Platelets
http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/biology/images/platelets.jpg

Plasma
http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/biology/images/blood_comp_01.jpg

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8
Q

What is the function of plasma

A

The function of the plasma is:

To transport waste carbon dioxide produced by the cells to the lungs to be breathed out.

To transport urea formed in the liver from the breakdown of excess proteins to the kidneys where it is removed from the blood to form urine.

To transport small, soluble products of digestion from the small intestine to the individual cells

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9
Q

What colour is plasma and what state of matter is it

A

Plasma is a yellow liquid

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10
Q

Complete the sentence

There are more _______ than any other type of blood cell in your body

A

There are more red blood cells than any other type of blood cell in your body

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11
Q

What is the function of the red blood cells

A

The function of the red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells.

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12
Q

Complete the sentence

Red blood cells pick up oxygen from the ____ in your _____ and carry it to the cells where it is needed

A

Red blood cells pick up oxygen from the air in your lungs and carry it to the cells where it is needed

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13
Q

Complete the sentence
Red blood cells have no _________
White blood cells have a _________

A

Complete the sentence
Red blood cells have no nucleus
White blood cells have a nucleus

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14
Q

Give the adaptations of red blood cells

A

Red blood cells are biconcave discs. Being concave on both sides gives them an increased surface area to volume ratio so that the oxygen diffuses in and out rapidly.

They are packed with a red pigment called haemoglobin that binds to oxygen

They have no nucleus, making more space of haemoglobin

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15
Q

Fill in the gap

Red blood cells contain a red pigment called _____
Red blood cells contain an oxygen-carrying molecule called _________

A

Red blood cells contain a red pigment called haemoglobin

Red blood cells contain an oxygen-carrying molecule called haemoglobin

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16
Q

What is haemoglobin

A

Haemoglobin is the red pigment that carries oxygen around the body in the red blood cells

17
Q

What colour is haemoglobin and where is found

A

Haemoglobin is red and it is found in the red blood cells

18
Q

Explain what haemoglobin does in the lungs and the body’s cells

A

In the lungs, haemoglobin binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin. The red blood travel to the organs where the oxyhaemoglobin splits up into haemoglobin and oxygen to release oxygen to the cells.

19
Q

Show what haemoglobin does in the lungs and the body’s cells using a word equation

A

haemoglobin + oxygen —> oxyhaemoglobin (in the alveolus of the lungs)

oxyhaemoglobin —> oxygen + haemoglobin

This is is a reversable reaction between oxygen and haemoglobin

file:///C:/Users/44748/Documents/haemoglobin%20+%20oxygen%20-%20reversible%20reaction%20textbook.pdf

20
Q

What is a whie blood cell

A

White blood cells are blood cells involved in the immune system of the body. They engulf pathogens and make antibodies and antitoxins.

21
Q

Function of the white blood cell

A

The function of white is to engulf pathogens and make antibodies and antitoxins

22
Q

What is the function of the nucleus in the white blood cells

A

The nucleus contains DNA which encodes the instructions that the white blood cells need to do their job

23
Q

White blood cells are much ________ than red blood cells and there are _______ of them

A

White blood cells are much bigger than red blood cells and there are fewer of them

24
Q

Give examples of some white blood cells and their function

A

Lymphocytes form antibodies against harmful microorganisms

Some form antitoxins against poisons made by microorganisms.

Phagocytes engulf and digest invading bacteria and viruses

25
Q

What is a platelet

A

Platelets are tiny fragments of cells

26
Q

What is the function of the platelet

A

The function of platelet is to help the blood to clot at the site of a wound

27
Q

Fill in the gap

Platelets have no _____

A

Platelets have no nucleus

28
Q

Explain the process of blood clotting

A

Blood clotting is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that result in converting fibrinogen to fibrin. This produces a network of fibres that capture lots of red blood cells and more platelets to form a jelly-like clot that stop excessive bleeding. The clot dries and hardens to form a scab. This protects the new skin as it grows and stops bacteria entering the body through the wound.

29
Q

What is plasma

A

Plasma is the clear yellow-liquid part of the blood that carries dissolved substances and blood cells around the body.

30
Q

What are red blood cells

A

Red blood cells are biconcave cells that contain the red pigment haemoglobin and carry oxygen around the body in the blood.

gcse biology (51 decks)

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