Plant tissues, organs and systems

Question 1

Name the parts of the plant

file:///C:/Users/44748/Documents/plant%20diagram%20unlabelled%20exercise%20book.pdf

Answer 1

file:///C:/Users/44748/Documents/plant%20diagram%20unlabelled%20exercise%20book.pdf

Question 2

Name the tissues of a plant

Answer 2

Epidermal tissue
Palisade mesophyll tissue
Spongy mesophyll tissue
Phloem tissue
Xylem tissue

Question 3

What does the Epidermal tissue do

Answer 3

The epidermal tissue covers plants and protects them.

Question 4

What does the Palisade mesophyll tissue do

Answer 4

The Palisade mesophyll contains chloroplasts for photosythesis

Question 5

What does the spongy mesophyll do

Answer 5

Spongy mesophyll contains some chloroplast but it has large air spaces for diffusion (to allow for gases to diffuse in and out of cells)

Question 6

What type of tissues are xylem and phloem tissues

Answer 6

Xylem and phloem tissues are the transport tissues in plants

Question 7

What does the xylem tissue do

Answer 7

Xylem carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves

Question 8

What does the phloem tissue do

Answer 8

Phloem carries dissolved food from the leaves around the plant.

Question 9

State the organs in a plant

Answer 9

Leaf, fruit, flower, stem and root are the organs in a plant

Question 10

What do the root, stem and leaves form

Answer 10

The roots, stem and leaves form an organ system for the transport of substance around the plant.

Question 11

Where is the meristem tissue found

Answer 11

Meristem tissue is found at the growing tips of roots and shoots

Question 12

What does the meristem tissue do

Answer 12

The meristem tissue at the growing tips of roots and shoots is made up of rapidly dividing plant cells that grow and differentiate into all the other cell types needed.

Question 13

Give the adaptation of the upper epidermis

Answer 13

The upper epidermis is transparent. This allows light to pass through to the photosynthetic cells below.

The upper epidermis is covered with a thin layer of oily material called the waxy cuticle. The waxy cuticle reduces the evaporation of water from the surface of the leaf. This helps to prevent the leaf from drying out.

Question 14

Fill in gap

The lower epidermis has tiny pores called _____

What are the tiny pores found on the lower epidermis called

Answer 14

The lower epidermis has tiny pores called stomata

Question 15

What do stomata do

Answer 15

Stomata allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to leave

Stomata also help to control the amount of water vapour that can pass out of the leaf

Question 16

Fill in the gap
On either side of the stomata there are _____

Answer 16

On either side of the stomata there are guard cells

Question 17

What do the guard cells do

Answer 17

The guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata.

Question 18

Why are cells in the spongy mesophyll big

Answer 18

These cells have a big surface area for gas exchange

Question 19

Why do many plant cells have many chloroplasts

Answer 19

Plant cells have many chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 20

What do the epidermal cells often secrete

Answer 20

The epidermal cells often secrete a waxy substance that waterproofs the surface of the leaf.

Question 21

Fill in the gap

Palisade mesophyll contains ______ cells

Answer 21

Palisade mesophyll contains palisade cells

Question 22

What is the adaptation of palisade cells

Answer 22

Palisade cells are packed full of chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which absorbs the light energy needed for photosynthesis

Question 23

What is the key feature of the spongy mesophyll

Answer 23

The spongy mesophyll is full of air spaces.
The air spaces allow carbon dioxide to diffuse from the stomata through the spongy mesophyll to the palisade cells.
Oxygen also diffuses from the palisade cells through the spongy mesophyll to the stomata

Question 24

What is translocation

Answer 24

Translocation is the movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Question 25

Describe the process of translocation

Answer 25

Phloem tubes are made of columns of elongated living cells with small pores in the end walls to allow cell sap to flow through

The cell sap transports food substances (mainly dissolved sugars) made in the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use (for example in growing regions) or for storage

The transport goes in both directions

This process is called translocation.

Question 26

What are phloem tubes made up of

Answer 26

They are made up of tubes of elongated cells

Question 27

What are xylem tubes made up of

Answer 27

It is composed of
hollow tubes strengthened by lignin adapted for the
transport of water in the transpiration stream.

Question 28

What are xylem tubes adapted for

Answer 28

Xylem tubes are adapted for the transport of water in the transpiration stream

Question 29

Why is transport important

Answer 29

It is vital to move the food made by photosynthesis around the plant as al the cells need sugars for respiration as well as for providing materials for growth.
The movement of water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots is equally important as the mineral ions are needed for the production of proteins and other molecules within the cells

Question 30

Why does the plant need water

Answer 30

Plants need water for photosynthesis - which is the process in which carbon dioxide and water combine to make glucose and oxygen.

The plant also needs water to hold itself upright. When a cell has plenty of water inside it, the vacuole presses the cytoplasm against the cell walls. This pressure of the cytoplasm against the cell walls gives support for young plants and for the structure of leaves.
This is the main method of support for young plants and soft-stem leaves

Question 31

The changes in the mean width of the stomata in normal conditions are
an advantage to the plant.

Why is the stomata closed at midnight
But widest at midday.
How is this an advantage

Answer 31

stomata (almost) closed at midnight because there is no / less light for photosynthesis

This reduces/
prevents water loss

stomata open widest at midday as maximum light intensity for photosynthesis

The stomata open wide to take in most / more carbon dioxide for
photosynthesis

Question 32

The changes in the mean width of the stomata in low atmospheric carbon dioxide
are different from the changes in normal conditions.

Explain how the difference helps the plant to survive in low atmospheric
carbon dioxide.

Answer 32

Stomata are open wider and for more time
This allows the plant to take in more carbon dioxide for
photosynthesis

Explain why the mean width of stomata is widest for a longer amount of time at midday, when in low atmospheric co2 than in normal conditions