Henry VIII, 1509–1547: Relationships with Scotland and Other Foreign Powers - HRE vs France Under Cromwell & Beyond Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the main events in Henry’s foreign policy from 1538-1547 under Cromwell and beyond

A

• 1538
- Charles V and Francis I make peace and agree to sever connections with England in Treaty of Nice

• 1541
- Charles and Francis at war again (Francis allied with Ottoman Turks)
- Henry and Charles promise to invade France within two years

• 1544
- Henry led 48,000 army to Calais
- Charles and Henry agreed to march on France, but pursue own ambitions
- Henry captures Boulogne
- Charles makes peace with France through Treaty of Crépy

• 1545
- French fail to invade England and fail to recapture Boulogne
- Due to French incompetence, adverse winds and lack of base (e.g England had Calais)

• 1546
- Treaty of Ardres
- Henry keeps Boulogne, but if French pay pension of £200,000 Boulogne will be returned in 1554
- Henry’s foreign policy in Europe cost £2 million

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2
Q

When was the Treaty of Nice made?

A
  • 1538
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3
Q

Explain what the Treaty of Nice was and when it was created

A
  • 1538
  • Between Charles V and Francis I
  • Made peace
  • Agreed to sever connections with England
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4
Q

By what year had Charles V and Francis I began fighting again?

A
  • 1541
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5
Q

What agreement did Charles and Henry make in 1541?

A
  • Agreed to invade France within 2 years
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6
Q

Who did Francis I ally with by 1541?

A
  • Ottoman Turks
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7
Q

When did England invade France with Charles V?

A
  • 1544
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8
Q

Explain what happened during the invasion of France in 1544

A
  • Henry led army of 48,000 to Calais
  • Henry and Charles agreed to march on Paris, but pursue own interests
  • Henry captures Boulogne
  • Charles makes peace with France through Treaty of Crépy
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9
Q

How many men did Henry lead in the invasion of France in 1544?

A
  • 48,000
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10
Q

What were the effects of the invasion of France and the Treaty of Crépy?

A
  • Henry captures Boulogne
  • Henry claims triumph
  • Treaty isolates England
  • Francis I threatens to invade England
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11
Q

When did Francis I attempt to invade England?

A
  • 1545
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12
Q

Explain what happened during the French invasion of England in 1545

A
  • French fails invasion on England
  • Due to incompetence, adverse winds and a lack of a base in England
  • French fail to recapture Boulogne
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13
Q

When was the Treaty of Ardres made?

A
  • 1546
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14
Q

What was agreed under the Treaty of Ardres?

A
  • Henry allowed to keep Boulogne
  • If French pay pension of £200,000 to England, Boulogne will be returned to France in 1554
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15
Q

What were the outcomes of Henry’s foreign policy with Charles and Francis?

A
  • Henry arguably achieved more than Francis or Charles
  • Cost £2 million from borrowing, monastic land and debasement of coinage
  • Led to inflation which would continue for rest of Tudor dynasty
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