'The Mid-Tudor Crisis', 1547-1563: The Social Impact of Religious Changes Under Edward VI - Northumberland Flashcards

1
Q

Timeline of main religious changes Northumberland made and other dates

A

• After 1540
- Church expenditure declines

• By 1547 (year Edward VI ascends)
- 20% of Londoners were Protestant
- People less likely to leave money to church in wills

• 1552
- More radical Book of Common Prayer

• January 1552
- Second Act of Uniformity
- Treason Act

• 1553
- Instructions issued

• January 1553
- Church begin confiscating church plate

• June 1553
- 42 Articles

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2
Q

What were Northumberland’s aims for religious policies?

A
  • To continue Protestant reforms initiated by Somerset
  • To plunder more of the Church’s wealth
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3
Q

What factors helped Northumberland, a cautious political figure, to pursue radical policies?

A

• Cranmer
- Began to move in more radical direction
- In 1552, Cranmer introduced the radical Book of Common Prayer

• Radical senior clergy gained more influence
- Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London
- John Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester

• Edward VI
- Took role as head of Church seriously
- Devoted to destroy idolatry

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4
Q

When was the more radical Book of Common Prayer introduced?

A
  • 1552
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5
Q

Which radical senior clergy were gaining more influence?

A
  • Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London
  • John Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester
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6
Q

What religious reforms were passed/planned at the January 1552 Parliament?

A
  • Treason Act
  • Second Act of Uniformity
  • Prayer Book
  • 1553 instructions
  • Attack on Church wealth
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7
Q

Which parliament was responsible for issuing key religious reforms?

A
  • January 1552 parliament
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8
Q

Treason Act

A
  • January 1552
  • Became an offence to question the Royal Supremacy or any of the beliefs of the English Church
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9
Q

The Second Act of Uniformity

A
  • January 1552
  • Became an offence for both clergy and laity not to attend Church of England services
  • Offenders were to be fined or imprisoned
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10
Q

Book of Common Prayer

A
  • 1552
  • Removed all traces of Catholicism and Mass
  • The significance of the Eucharist (now referred to as the Last Supper) was reduced, more emphasis on it being a commemorative ceremony
  • Ban on use of ‘popish’ vestments
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11
Q

Instructions

A
  • 1553
  • Sent out to bishops instructing them to ensure that altars were replaced by communion tables, and that clergy should not wear vestments when taking services
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12
Q

When were instructions on altars and vestments sent out to bishops?

A
  • 1553
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13
Q

42 Articles of Religion

A
  • June 1553
  • Published by Cranmer
  • Laid out Protestant doctrine of Church
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14
Q

When were the 42 Articles of Religion published?

A
  • June 1553
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15
Q

Give examples on the Crown attacking the Church’s wealth

A
  • Systemic policy of asset stripping and plundering property of bishoprics
  • In January 1553, Crown started to confiscate church plate
  • The dioceses of Gloucester and Worcester were combined, with two thirds of the Worcester estate going to the Crown
  • Plan, never implemented, to divide the bishopric of Durham and to appropriate much of its wealth to the Crown
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16
Q

When did the Crown begin confiscating church plate?

A
  • January 1553
17
Q

What impact did the Crown’s plundering of the Church have?

A

• Expenditure on church goods
- After 1540, expenditure on church goods declined
- People didn’t want to donate if their bequests would be confiscated by Crown

• Evidence from wills
- By Edward VI’s reign, people less likely to leave money to parish church

18
Q

When did expenditure on church goods decrease?

A
  • After 1540
19
Q

What did people think of the Protestant reforms and Protestantism?

A
  • For many, there was acceptance rather than enthusiasm
  • Many landowners favoured Protestantism, may be due to gaining of monastic land
  • By 1547, 20% of Londoners were Protestant
  • More enthusiasm for Protestant reforms in and near London as more direct influences from Protestant areas of northern Europe through trade and travel
  • Many, especially the uneducated, didn’t like disappearance of familiar ceremonies and didn’t approve of the limitation of the number of Holy Days in the year to 25
20
Q

What was the limit of Holy Days in a year?

A
  • 25