Dementia - Vascular Dementia

Question 1

Pathophysiology of Vascular Dementia.

Answer 1

Ischaemia/Haemorrhage secondary to Cerebrovascular Disease results in cognitive impairment.

Question 2

Types of Vascular Dementia (3).

Answer 2

1. Stroke-Related Vascular Dementia.
2. Subcortical Vascular Dementia (Small-Vessel Disease).
3. Mixed Dementia (Vascular Dementia + Alzheimer’s Disease).

Question 3

Risk Factors of Vascular Dementia.

Answer 3

Any risk factor of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease.

Question 4

Clinical Presentation of Vascular Dementia.

Answer 4

Several Months/Years History of Sudden/Stepwise Deterioration of Cognitive Function.

Question 5

Diagnosis of Vascular Dementia (5).

Answer 5

1. Comprehensive History & Physical Examination.
2. Formal Screen (Cognitive Impairment).
3. Medical Review (Exclude Medication Causes).
4. MRI Scan (Infarcts and White Matter Changes).
5. Using NINDS-AIREN Criteria.

Question 6

Management of Vascular Dementia (2).

Answer 6

1. Detecting and Addressing Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
2. Pharmacological : AChE Inhibitors/Memantine (only if Mixed Dementia).