Respiratory System

Question 1

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

Nose
Nasal cavity
Mouth including tonsils
Oaranasal sinuses
Pharynx

Question 2

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Alveoli
Larynx
Blood

Question 3

Functions of respiratory system 4 main

Answer 3

Protection (mucous )
Respiration
Conduction of air (humidors and warms)
Vocal stuff

Question 4

Cartilage in the nose

Answer 4

Hyaline cartilage

Question 5

Epithelium of the respiratory tract including the Nasopharynx

Answer 5

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with mucous cells in the epithelial layer

Question 6

Where are olfactory receptors found

Answer 6

Roof of the nasal cavity

Question 7

Where is the nasolacrimal duct found

Answer 7

Inferior to the inferior conchae at the inferior meatus

Question 8

What warms and humidity the air

Answer 8

The conchae and meatus
Conchae is the projections (air bouncing off the concha, surfaces causes turbulence)
Meatus is the grooves/channels

Question 9

Histology of the external portion of the nose

Answer 9

KERATINIZED stratified squamous epithelium. With hair

Question 10

Name the 4 paransal sinuses and the function

Answer 10

Frontal maxilla ethmoid sphenoid
3 functions
humidify/ moisten

Clean/immune

Resonance

Question 11

Oroantralfistula

Answer 11

Accidentally remove a part of the maxillary sinus when removing a tooth, root could be anchored to sinus

Question 12

Scientific name of Adam;s Apple

Answer 12

Laryngeal prominence

Question 13

How many cartilage are there in the larynx

Answer 13

9
3 paired (6) - arytenoid corniculate cuneiform
3 unpaired - Epiglottis cricoid thyroid

Question 14

What type of cartilage are all the cartilages in the larynx

Answer 14

All hyaline except epiglottis which is elastic

Question 15

Which is the only cartilage to encircle the trachea completely

Answer 15

Cricoid

Question 16

What cartilage in the larynx is pyramidal in shape and which cartilage is the biggest

Answer 16

Biggest is thyroid
Pyramidal is arytenoid

Question 17

What is another name for false vocal cords

Answer 17

Vestibular fold

Question 18

Histology of the false and true vocal cords

Answer 18

False (which lies above true) vocal cord - Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

True vocal cords - stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

Cricothyroidotomy

Answer 19

Puncture the cricothyroid membrane (space between Adam’s apple and next cartilage)

Question 20

Larynx from C3-C6
trachea from C6 to T4/5 (rmb that T4/5 is where the bronchus split into right and left)

Question 21

Structure of trachea

Answer 21

15-20 incomplete rings of cartilage (back is open because there is oesophagus )
Tracheal glands (mucous secretions)
Trachealis (SMOOTH MUSCLE)

Question 22

Epithelium of small and terminal bronchioles

Answer 22

Cuboidal

Question 23

Diff between pneumocytes 1 and 2

Answer 23

1 - 95% , simple squamous , gas diffusion
2- 5%, surfactant to reduce friction, keep alveoli open (surface tension might close it)

Question 24

What does the blood air barrier consist of

Answer 24

1 basement membrane
2 epithelial of alveoli
3 capillary endothelial

Question 25

Where does the maxillary sinus open in the nasal cavity

Answer 25

Posterior end of the hiatus semilunaris

Question 26

What opens into the nasal cavity

Answer 26

Paranasal sinus and nasolacrimal duct

Question 27

Where do the vocal chords attach to

Answer 27

Thyroid cartilage

Question 28

What nerve innervates the larynx

Answer 28

Vagus - laryngeal branch