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Laura’s Systems > Bones And Joints > Flashcards

Bones And Joints Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of joints

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

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2
Q

Which joint has no synovial cavity and is held together by dense connective tissue?

A

Fibrous joint

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3
Q

Which joint is found at places with a lot of movement and has smooth cartilage

A

Synovial joint has synovial fluid in a capsule

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4
Q

Which joint has no synovial cavity and has little to no movement; held together by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous joint

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5
Q

What are the passive stabiliser and active stabiliser in a synovial joint

A

Passive - ligaments
Active - musculotendinous support

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6
Q

What are the 2 components of articular capsule

A

Fibrous capsule
Synovial membrane

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7
Q

What type of joint does a skull have

A

Fibrous joint

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8
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Are a type of fibrous joint
Greater distance between articular sirfaces

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9
Q

Where is the spinal cord found in the spine

A

Vertebral foramen

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10
Q

Where does the spinal nerves exit the spinal canals

A

Vertebral foramina

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11
Q

What is the name of the C1

A

Atlas

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12
Q

What is special about the Atlas

A

Has no body

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13
Q

What is the name of C2

A

Axis

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14
Q

What is a symphysis

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint which are formed of Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

What is a synchondrosis

A

Primary cartilaginous joint which is covered by hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

Are synchondroses moveable or immovable

A

Immovable

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17
Q

Difference between syndesmoses and synchondroses

A

Syndesmos are related to fibrous joints
Synchondroses are related to cartilaginous joints

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18
Q

Joints in the thorax

A

Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclaviculsr joint

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19
Q

What sort of joint is at the pubic region

A

Symphysis pubic - cartilaginous joint

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20
Q

Why does the pubic joint need to be cartilaginous joint

A

When giving birth, joint doesn’t move. Cartilaginous joint has little to no movement

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21
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

At the acromio-claviclarjoint

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22
Q

How many bones in hand and feet

A

27 in hands 26 in feet

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23
Q

Locomotion meaning

A

Skeletal system allows the muscular system to produce movement

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24
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A

Shape
Support
Locomotion
Protection of vital organs

25
Q

What is part of The axial and appendicular skeleton

A

Axial - head neck trunk
Appendicular - limbs and pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle

26
Q

What type of connective tissue is cartilage

A

Resilient, semirigid

27
Q

Is cartilage vascular or avascular

A

Avascular

28
Q

Function of bone vs cartilage

A

Bone - support protection locomotion storage new cells
Cartilage - articular reduce friction, in areas of flexibility

29
Q

When is a bone marrow biopsy taken

A

Blood disorders, cancer etc

If doctor thinks you have a problem making blood cells

30
Q

Function of compact bone

A

Strength for Weight bearing

31
Q

Where is compact bone found in long bones?

A

Compact bones are found mainly in the middle of the shaft aka diaphysis

32
Q

What are the 5 classification of bones

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

33
Q

What are flat bones function

A

Protect internal organs like skull, sternum, rib cage, scapulae

Ther is a layer of spongy bone between 2 thin layers of compact bone

34
Q

What type of bone is the patella

A

Sesamoid bone , function is to reinforce tendons. Sesamoid bones are bones embedded in tendons

35
Q

What is bone markings

A

Where tendons ligaments or fascia is attached
Where arteries lie adjacent

36
Q

What is bone formations

A

Passage of a tendon to improve leverage

37
Q

What is the gait cycle

A

Walking 60% in stance phase 40% in swing phase

38
Q

When standing at ease, what muscles are active

A

Back and lower limb muscles

39
Q

Which joints are the most stable in standing position

A

Hip and knee

Ankles are less stable

40
Q

Which part of the humerus fractures easily

A

Surgical neck

41
Q

What important structure is located near the surgical neck that can be damaged

A

Axillary nerve

42
Q

What is the pelvis made of

A

Pubis
Ilium
Ischium

43
Q

What is likely to fracture in osteoporosis people

A

Neck of femur

44
Q

Function of patella

A

Lies between the femoral condyles

Prevent excessive rotation of the femur

45
Q

4 ligaments of the knee

A

Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament

Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament

46
Q

How does ACL get damaged

A

Anterior translation of tibia

47
Q

Is tibia or fibula thinner

A

Fibula

48
Q

Damage of PCL

A

Posterior translation of tibia

49
Q

Damage of MCL

A

Valgus

50
Q

Damage of mcl

A

Valgus - inwards

51
Q

Damage of LCL

A

Varus force

52
Q

Are quads or hamstrings located posterior or anterior

A

Quads - anterior
Hamstrings - posterior

53
Q

Innervation of quads and hamstrings

A

Quads - femoral nerve
Hamstrings - sciatic nerve

54
Q

Full name of quads

A

Quadriceps femoris muscle

55
Q

Action of the quad and hamstrings

A

Quad - extend knee
Hamstrings - flex knee

56
Q

Where does the patella sit

A

In the quads

57
Q

What is the gait cycle

A

A gait cycle is the time period or sequence of events or movements during locomotion in which one foot contacts the ground to when that same foot again contacts the ground,

58
Q

How long is the stance phase

A

Made up of loading, midstance , terminal, pre swing

60%

59
Q

How long is the swing phase

A

40%

Made of initial mid swing terminakswing

Laura’s Systems (11 decks)

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