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z:Anat 200 > Part 6: Heart & organization of blood vessels > Flashcards

Part 6: Heart & organization of blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Components of cardiovascular system

A

1)Pump (The heart)
2) Conducting vessels (Arteries & veins)
3) Sites for exchange with the tissues (Capillaries)
4) Drainage system for excess tissue fluids (Lymphatic vessels)

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2
Q

Functions of cardiovascular system

A

1)Maintain homeostasis
2) Transport of: Metabolites and wastes, Hormones and signaling molecules, Dissolved gas, immune cells
3) Regulation of body temperature

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3
Q

2 circuits of cardiovascular system

A

-Pulmonary circuit to the lungs
-Systemic circuit to the rest of the body

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4
Q

The heart has ___ pumps acting in ____ (____)

A

2 pumps acting in parallel (Right and left sides of heart)

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5
Q

The heart resides in ____ which is a ______ and bounded on the left and right by ____

A

-mediastinum
-a central region of the thorax within rib cage
-the lungs

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6
Q

mediastinum includes____

A

heart, the esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, and large blood vessels.

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7
Q

We use a casing on the heart. Are we looking at the heart?

A

No, we are seeing the pericadium

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8
Q

heart is encased within _____ called____

A

-a tough fibrous sac
-the pericardium/pericardial sac.

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9
Q

_____fluid lubricates the smooth interface between pericardial sac (parietal pericardium layer) and ____of heart.

A

Serous
epicardium

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10
Q

label

A

black: myocardium (muscle)
yellow: endocardium (smooth epithelial layer)
blue: parietal (serous) pericardium (smooth secretory layer)
green: fibrous pericardium (tough- doesn’t expand easily)
purple: epicardium (visceral pericardium)- smooth, single layer that secretes fluid

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11
Q

serous pericardium = __ + ___

A

epicardium (visceral pericardium)
fibrous pericardium

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12
Q

layers of pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
(space)
epicardium

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13
Q

label + identify view

A

left: anterior view
right : posterior view

purple: superior vena cava- takes blood from upper body
orange: right atrium- gets blood from upper body
green: base - where the great vessels connect
yellow: apex - point downward to left
blue: inferior vena cava - take blood from lower body

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14
Q

right atrium is generally _____

A

thin walled

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15
Q

label

A

blue: Atrial appendage (auricle)- sticks out like a flap
orange: Right atrium
green: Coronary sinus -> blood returning from heart itself
yellow: Pectinate muscle- region that has strands to muscle -) on atrial appendage (still has endocardium)

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16
Q

label and name this valve? where is this valve

A

tricuspid value; between right atrium& ventricle

blue: Trabeculae carnae: strands of muscle
yellow: valve cusp/leaflets
green: chordae tendinae- CT that attach to appilary muscle
purple: papillary muscle - don’t close valve for keep it taut

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17
Q

right ventricle vs atrium

A

ventricle has more muscle

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18
Q

tricuspid value closes when ____

A

ventricle contracts

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19
Q

function of tricuspid valve

A

stop blood from flowing back into right atrium when ventricle contracts

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20
Q

label +identify valve and function

A

pulmonary semilunar value (3 cusps) + stops blood from going back into ventricle from pulmonary valve

blue: pulmonary trunk
green: pulmonary semilunar valve
red: pulmonary sinus (space inside cusps

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21
Q

label pulmonary trunk which is ___ to aorta

A

anterior

blue: right pulmonary artery
purple: left pulmonary artery
red: pulmonary trunk

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22
Q

Arteries carry blood _____. Veins carry blood______

A

away from the heart
to the heart

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23
Q

main thing we see in anterior view of heart is ____

A

right ventricle

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24
Q

label

A

blue: left pulmonary artery
green: left pulmonary veins

25
Q

left atrium position in the heart

A

behind

26
Q

label

A

blue: left pulmonary artery
yellow: left pulmonary veins
green: right pulmonary artery
pink: right pulmonary veins
purple: left atrium- blood for lungs
black: left ventricle- blood to body

27
Q

atrial appendage function

A

for atrium to espand for more blood

28
Q

left atrium like right atrium contains____

A

smooth portion and a portion with pectinate muscle.

29
Q

left vs right ventricle difference

A

left ventricle has thicker wall

30
Q

label

A

blue:Left atrial appendage
red: mitral (bicuspid) valve

31
Q

label

A

ascending aorta

32
Q

aorta has ____ valve

A

semilunar valve

33
Q

label

A

blue: aortic sinus- blood pools for coronary arteries
red: cusp
purple: Openings of the left and right coronary arteries- 1st branches of aorta but don’t get blood immediately, blood has to fall and pool in sinuses
green: nodule- where the 3 cusps come together

34
Q

fibrous skeleton of the heart is ____

A

a ring of CT around valves, insulates electrical signals

35
Q

label valves

A

blue: pulmonary
red: aortic
green: bicuspid (mitral)
purple: tricuspid

36
Q

this image shows that ___

A

ventricles contract at the same time & atriums contract at the same time

37
Q

blood flow in heart + valves

A

R Atrium → R Ventricle [Tricuspid valve]
L Atrium → L Ventricle [Bicuspid (Mitral) valve]
R Ventricle → Pulmonary Trunk [Pulmonary Semilunar valve]
L Ventricle → Aorta [Aortic Semilunar valve]

38
Q

Septa separate _____

A

right and left atria, and right and left ventricles

39
Q

Interatrial septum separates ___

A

atriums

40
Q

Interventricular septum separates _____

A

ventricles

41
Q

Coronary vessels are the vascular supply to ______

A

the heart tissue

42
Q

label

A

blue: left coronary artery
red: right coronary artery

43
Q

label

A

blue: Left Coronary Artery (LCA)
red: Right Coronary Artery (RCA) (in coronary sulcus
purple: Circumflex branch of LCA (in coronary sulcus)
green: Anterior interventricular artery (in anterior IV sulcus)

44
Q

label

A

blue: RCA
red: Circumflex branch of LCA
purple: Posterior interventricular artery (in posterior IV sulcus)

45
Q

label:

A

blue: Great cardiac vein
red: Great cardiac vein (in anterior IV sulcus)
purple: Coronary sinus

46
Q

The heart has its own endogenous ______

A

conduction system

47
Q

Conductive cells in the heart are ____

A

Specialized myocardial cells optimized for spontaneous depolarization and transmission of electrical signals

48
Q

Gap junctions present between cardiac myocytes allow ion flow to ____

A

1) synchronize muscle contraction
2) transmit electrical signal

49
Q

_____ is the pacemarker of the heart because it has _____

A

SA node
fastest rate of spontaneous depolarization.

50
Q

label

A

blue: Sinoatrial Node
red: Atrioventricular (AV) node
purple:AV Bundle (of His), Left bundle branch, Right bundle branch
yellow: Purkinje fibers

51
Q

The two atria contract while the ventricles _____
The two ventricles contract while the atria _____

A

relax (2)

52
Q

Diastole = _____ phase
Systole = ______ phase

A

relaxation
contraction

53
Q

heart sounds; lub= ____ , dub= ____

A

Lub = AV valves closing
Dub = Semilunar valves closing

54
Q

By placing electrodes on the skin, one can measure ______ and create ____

A

the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

55
Q

label

A

blue: right common carotid artery
red: right subclavian artery
purple: brachiocephalic trunk

56
Q

No______ (aorta branch) on the left!

A

brachiocephalic trunk

57
Q

label:

A

blue: Left common carotid artery
red: Left subclavian artery

58
Q

label:

A

red: Right pulmonary artery
blue: Left pulmonary artery
purple: Pulmonary trunk

59
Q

label

A

green: superior vena cava
blue: inferior vena cava
purple: Pulmonary veins

z:Anat 200 (23 decks)

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