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Animal Anatomy and Physiology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What ion is responsible for the initial depolarization of cardiac muscle as it travels from the inside of a muscle cell to the outside of the cell?

A

Potassium

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2
Q

The heart is located between ribs

A

4,5,6

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3
Q

The coccygeal vein is an appropriate location to administer small doses of IV medications for which animal?

A

Bovine

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4
Q

Which camber of the heart send oxygenated blood to systemic circulation when it contracts?

A

left ventricle

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5
Q

What structure is also known as the pacemaker of the heart

A

SA Node

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6
Q

The ductus arteriosus in a fetus allows blood to flow

A

directly into the aorta from the pulmonary artery

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7
Q

What wave on an EKG is atrial depolarization

A

P

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8
Q

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary vein

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9
Q

The outer layer of the heart is known as the:

A

epicardium

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10
Q

Which type of blood vessels has one-way valves in its lumen

A

veins

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11
Q

Which camber of the heart send deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation when it contracts?

A

right ventricle

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12
Q

Arterioles are

A

small muscular arteries

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13
Q

What can be found in the mediastinum?

A

Aorta

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14
Q

Device used to take doppler blood pressure is

A

sphygmomanometer

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15
Q

The pulmonary circulation begins when deoxygenated blood passes through the ______ into the pulmonary circulation

A

right semilunar valve

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16
Q

What initiates the contraction impulse in cardiac cells?

A

the sinoatrial node

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17
Q

An abnormal heart sound is called a

A

murmur

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18
Q

The largest vein is an animal’s body is the

A

vena cava

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19
Q

How many layers of epithelium must oxygen pass through to leave the circulatory system?

A

2

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20
Q

What type of muscle is found in the middle layer of a muscular artery’s wall

A

involuntary, nonstriated muscle

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21
Q

The ventricles are located at the _______ of the heart

A

apex

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22
Q

Which of the following arteries is most commonly used to check the pulse on a horse?

A

mandibular artery

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23
Q

The serosal membrane lining the surface of the heat is called:

A

visceral pericardium

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24
Q

Elastic arteries are

A

closer to the heart

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25
Q

Which valves produce the second heart sound when they snap shut?

A

pulmonary valve and aortic valve

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26
Q

If there is decreased preload, what will happen to the stroke volume

A

stroke volume decreases

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27
Q

Which valves produce the first heart sound (S1) when they snap shut?

A

mitral valve and tricuspid valve

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28
Q

Deoxygenated blood coming from the myocardium through the coronary veins, empties into what structure to return for re-oxygenation?

A

Coronary Sinus

29
Q

Which one of the following arteries is most commonly used to check the pulse on a cat?

A

femoral artery

30
Q

Which one of the following arteries is most commonly used to check the pulse on a bovine?

A

coccygeal artery

31
Q

Compared to a large dog breed, a small dog breed has

A

a faster average heart rate

32
Q

Contraction of a cardiac myocyte occurs during:

A

depolarization

33
Q

Another name for the left semilunar valve is the

A

aortic valve

34
Q

Which of the following describes the relationship between stroke volume, cardiac output, and heart rate

A

CO= HR x SV

35
Q

Another name for the mitral valve is the

A

bicuspid valve

36
Q

Where in the circulatory system does gas and nutrient exchange with the tissues take place?

A

capillary beds

37
Q

Cardiac muscle can generate its own contractions and relaxation and is therefore called

A

autorhythmic muscle

38
Q

Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation enters the heart at the

A

right atrium

39
Q

Which chamber of the heart accepts oxygenated blood from the lungs?

A

left atrium

40
Q

What valve separated the right atrium from the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

41
Q

The heart is located in the thoracic cavity in the space between the two lungs. This space is called the

A

mediastinum

42
Q

Chordae tendineae connect the AV valves to the :

A

papillary muscles of the ventricles

43
Q

When a murmur is auscultated, what is heard?

A

Turbulent blood flow

44
Q

Which vein can be used for venipuncture in nearly all species of animals?

A

jugular vein

45
Q

The ductus arteriosis connects what two areas of the fetal heart

A

pulmonary artery and aorta

46
Q

What is the cranial border of the mediastinum

A

Thoracic inlet

47
Q

If there is deceased preload, what must happen to the heart rate to maintain cardiac output?

A

heart rate increases`

48
Q

The innermost lining of blood vessels is called

A

endothelium

49
Q

If there is increased afterload, what will happen to the stroke volume?

A

stroke volume decreases

50
Q

The foramen ovale in a fetus allows blood to flow

A

directly from the right atrium into the left atrium

51
Q

On an ECG reading of one cardiac cycle, the depolarization of the atria is represented by the

A

P wave

52
Q

The structure that makes up the primary cardiac conduction, in the order that the impulse travels through them, are the

A

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fiber system

53
Q

The two ions that are responsible for the initial repolarization of cardiac muscle as they travel from the inside of a muscle cell to the outside of the cell are

A

sodium and calcium ions

54
Q

The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the

A

pericardium

55
Q

The interventricular spetum is a continuation of the

A

interatrial spetum

56
Q

Which chamber of the heart sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation when it contracts?

A

right ventricle

57
Q

Chordae tendinae are found in the

A

ventricles

58
Q

The outermost layer of the heart itslef is the

A

epicardium

59
Q

The volume of blood the ventricle receives from the atrium is the

A

Preload

60
Q

If stroke volume decreases, what must happen to heart rate to maintain cardiac output?

A

increase

61
Q

Which chamber of the heart sends oxygenated blood to systemic circulation when it contracts?

A

left ventricle

62
Q

The two ions that are responsible for the initial depolarization of cardiac muscle as they travel from the outside of a muscle cell to the inside of the cell are

A

sodium and calcium ions

63
Q

The structures that make up the primary cardiac conduction, in the order that the impulse travels through them, are the

A

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fiber system

64
Q

The impulse to begin each heartbeat of the heart comes from the

A

sinoatrial node

65
Q

Which heart valve can be heard most clearly on the right side of an animals body?

A

tricuspid

66
Q

What is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle over one minute?

A

Cardiac output

67
Q

Blood travels from the right ventricle, through the right semilunar valve to the

A

pulmonary artery

68
Q

During cardiac repolarization, what ion is moving from the extracellular space to the intracellular space?

A

K+

69
Q

Which wave is ventricular repolarization?

A

T wave

Animal Anatomy and Physiology (20 decks)

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