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animal anatomy and physiology > Exam 1 (Spring) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Spring) Flashcards

1
Q

The left kidney sits where relative to the right kidney?

A

caudal

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2
Q

What type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis?

A

Transitional

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3
Q

What hormone works on the DCT and collecting ducts and makes them resorb water?

A

ADH

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4
Q

What vessels in the kidney have oxygenated blood both entering and leaving them?

A

Glomerular capillaries

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5
Q

Calcium resorption take place under the influence of what hormone/

A

parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

What substance is normally 100% resorbed in the pCT?

A

glucose

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7
Q

How many kidneys does a normal animal have?

A

2

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8
Q

Macula densa cells monitor what in the kidney?

A

sodium

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT found in normal urine?
A.) Glucose
B.) Urea
C.)Bicarbonate
D.) Water

A

Glucose

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10
Q

What hormone increases reabsorption of Na+ from the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Aldosterone

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11
Q

Oxygen transfer takes place in the nephron where?

A

peritubular capillaries

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12
Q

The term for a condition where much urine is being passed is

A

polyuria

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13
Q

A kidney can lose how much of its functional ability before clinical signs appear

A

67%

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14
Q

What organ produces and secretes aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex

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15
Q

Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by:

A

ACE (Angiotensin converting enzyme)

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16
Q

What is the name for the rhythmic pattern of muscle contractions that move through tubular organs (eg. The GI tract and parts of the urinary tract)?

A

peristalsis

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17
Q

When the kidney notices hypoxia, it releases what?

A

erythropoietin

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18
Q

What hormone is released by juxtaglomerular cells in response to decreases blood pressure?

A

Renin

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19
Q

What is the name of the tuft of capillaries that filters blood?

A

glomerulus

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20
Q

Where does ADH exert control over water reabsorption?

A

DCT and collecting ducts

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21
Q

When the bladder is full, stretch receptors send a signal to:

A

the spinal cord

22
Q

Micturition is the term for what?

A

the process of urine production

23
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

A

nephron

24
Q

Where are amino acids reabsorbed in the nephron?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

25
Q

The collection chamber for urine in the kidney (in most animals) is the

A

renal pelvis

26
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Cranio-dorsal abdomen in the retroperitoneal space

27
Q

What is the purpose of microvilli (brush border) on the surface of the epithelial cells lining the PCT?

A

Increase surface area for reabsorption

28
Q

How often is urine moved from the kidneys to the bladder?

A

continuously

29
Q

What cleaves angiotensinogen into angiotensin I?

A

Renin

30
Q

What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder?

A

Transitional

31
Q

Where is antidiuretic hormone produced?

A

Posterior pituitary

32
Q

What portion of the nephron is found in the renal medulla?

A

Loop of henle

33
Q

How many urethra(s) does a normal animal have

A

1

34
Q

Glomerular capillaries are a continuation of the

A

afferent arterioles

35
Q

What is a great joke to make about the urinary system?

A

That’s what she said.

36
Q

What allows for the small molecules in the blood to pass easily through the epithelium during filtration?

A

fenestrations

37
Q

The portion of the nephron that is located in the medulla is the:

A

Loop of Henle

38
Q

BUN is the measure of:

A

blood urea nitrogen

39
Q

Angiotensin II does what?

A

cause vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone

40
Q

The term for a condition where no urine is being passed is

A

anuria

41
Q

What causes such a high blood pressure in the glomerulus?

A

difference in the size between the afferent and efferent arterioles

42
Q

Which of the following is not found in glomerular filtrate, under normal circumstances?
A.) Glucose
B.) Amino Acids
C.) Red Blood Cells
D.) Small molecules

A

Red Blood Cells

43
Q

Stones in the bladder are known as what?

A

uroliths

44
Q

What keeps the urine moving through the ureters, even when the bladder is full?

A

perisaltic contractions

45
Q

What follows Na+ through the active transport channel in sodium cotransport?

A

glucose and amino acids

46
Q

When ADH is inhibited/not present, what occurs?

A

polyuria

47
Q

The ions hydrogen and bicarbonate work in the kidney to do what?

A

regulate blood pH

48
Q

Where are the detrusor muscles found?

A

Urinary bladder

49
Q

What species has a kidney with a lumpy surface?

A

Bovine

50
Q

What is the correct order of organs of the urinary system from caudal to cranial?

A

Urethra, urinary bladder, ureters, kidneys

51
Q

Which of the following is not part of the nephron?
A.) Glomerulus
B.) Loop of Henle
C.) Proximal convolutes tubule
D.) Renal Pelvis

A

Renal Pelvis

animal anatomy and physiology (20 decks)

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