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Animal Anatomy and Physiology > Exam 5 (Spring) > Flashcards

Exam 5 (Spring) Flashcards

1
Q

A difficult birth is known as what?

A

Dystocia

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2
Q

During what stage of labor do myometrial contractions begin?

A

first stage

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3
Q

During what stage of labor do the placental sacs rupture?

A

second stage

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4
Q

During what stage of labor does the placenta separates from the uterus?

A

Third stage

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5
Q

What is the normal presentation of the fetus for birth in a uniparous animal?

A

snout first

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6
Q

What two hormones directly encourage mammary gland growth and development

A

progesterone and growth hormone

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7
Q

What two hormones prime lactation to begin?

A

prolactin and growth hormone

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8
Q

Which of the following is a role true about colostrum?
A.) differs from regular milk because it has larger amount of proteins, lipids, and amino acids
B.) acts as a laxative to help pass meconium
C.) has high levels of immunoglobulins to act as the neonate’s immune system for a time
D.) all-of-the-above

A

all-of-the-above

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9
Q

How long does lactation occur?

A

continues as long as there is stimulation to the teat

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10
Q

What hormone acts to make let down occur?

A

oxytocin

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11
Q

Gametes are unique cells due to the fact that:
A. they are diploid and all other cells are diploid
B. they are haploid and all other cells are diploid
C. they reproductive via miosis
D.after division, their daughter cells are considered identical

A

they are haploid and all other cells are diploid

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12
Q

Where in the testicl does spermatogenesis occur?

A

seminiferous tubules

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13
Q

Which of the following is true about sperm cells?
A. there is a finite number in the sex organ soon after birth
B. spermatogenesis beings in the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
C. begin with a haploid cell and after meiosis end up with two diploid
D.are produced continuously in large numbers

A

D.are produced continuously in large numbers

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14
Q

What is the purpose of sertoli cells
A. provide nutritional support to the sperm
B. to provide mechanical support to the sperm
C. neither “a” nor “b”
D. both “a” and “b”

A

both “a” and “b”

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15
Q

Interstitial cells are under the influence of what hormone?

A

LH

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16
Q

What structure is a flat, ribbon like structure that lies along the testis?

A

epididymis

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17
Q

What is unique about the acrosome of spermatozoa?

A

it has digestive enzymes to assist penetrate the walls of the ovum

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18
Q

The parietal vaginal tunic is which layer of the two tunics of the testis?

A

thick outer layer

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19
Q

The visceral vaginal tunic is which layer of the two tunics of the testis?

A

thin inner layer

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20
Q

What is the thick fibrous connective tissue layer that is the capsule underneath the tunics?

A

tunica albuginea

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21
Q

Which animal has the prostate gland as its only accessory sex gland?

A

Dog

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22
Q

Which of the following ligaments supports the oviduct?

A

mesosalpinx

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23
Q

Which of the following ligaments supports the ovary?

A

mesovarium

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24
Q

Which of the following ligaments supports the uterine body?
A. broad ligament
B. mesometrium
C. mesosalpinx
D. mesovarium

A

mesometrium

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25
Q

The ovarian cycle is under the influence of what two hormones from the anterior pituitary?

A

luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

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26
Q

In most species, what rising hormone level caused ovulation?

A

Luteinizing hormone

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27
Q

After ovulation, what grows in the place of the ruptured follicle?

A

corpus luteum

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28
Q

Where is the site of fertilization

A

oviduct

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29
Q

What hormone causes behavioral changes that are seen in the female at the time of estrus?

A

estrogen

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30
Q

What cells produce estrogen in the reproductive cycle?

A

granulosa cells

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31
Q

During what stage of the estrous cycle does the lining of the vagina begin undergoing cornification (fertilization)?

A

Proestrus

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32
Q

Where does the stallion and boar deposit semen?

A

uterus

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33
Q

Copulation causes the release of what hormone in the female?

A

oxytocin

34
Q

What is the biggest change to the sperm cell during capacitation?

A

change to the acrosome to expose digestive enzymes

35
Q

The inner gel layer of the ovum is known as the what?

A

zona pellucida

36
Q

Once the ovum is fertilized, it is known as a:

A

zygote

37
Q

What stage does the fertilized ovum implant?

A

blastocyte

38
Q

How does the implanted ovum receive nutrients?

A

via diffusion

39
Q

What is the outer most layer of the placenta?

A

Chorion

40
Q

What is the inner most layer of the placenta that surrounds the cavity that the fetus floats in?

A

Amnion

41
Q

The umbilical artery flows in what direction?

A

away from fetus towards the mother

42
Q

What type of mastitis is dangerous to the life of the cow?

A

Coliform

43
Q

What placental type is most common for being retained?

A

cotyledonary

44
Q

What hormone helps the placenta be passed?

A

oxytocin

45
Q

What hormone lyses the corpus luteum if a fertilized ovum is not detected?

A

prostaglandin F2 alpha

46
Q

When is the cervix normally open?
A. during estrus
B. during parturition
C. neither a nor b
D. both a and b

A

both a and b

47
Q

What is the thickest layer of the uterus?

A

myometrium

48
Q

What is the purpose of accessory sex glands?
A. to produce alkaline fluid to protect semen from acidic environment of female tract
B. to produce fructose as an energy source for sperm
C. to produce prostaglandins to stimulate the female tract
D. all of the above

A

all of the above

49
Q

What is the smaller erectile tissue bundle in the body of the penis

A

corpus spongiosum

50
Q

What is the larger erectile tissue bundle in the body of the penis?

A

corpus cavernosum

51
Q

A placentome consists of an area on the surface of the placenta called the

A

cotyledon

52
Q

Cowper’s glands are another name for the:

A

bulbourethral gland

53
Q

Cryptorchidism refers to a condition of one or more

A

undescended testes

54
Q

During what stage of labor does the cervix relax

A

first stage

55
Q

During what stage of labor is the fetus delievered?

A

second stage

56
Q

During which stage of the estrous cycle do estrogen levels reach their peak?

A

estrus

57
Q

During which stage of the estrus cycle can dogs develop a psuedopregnancy?

A

diestrus

58
Q

Follicular activation is under the influence of

A

FSH from the pituitary gland

59
Q

How many placental sacs surround a fetus during its development?

A

2

60
Q

If fertilization is going to happen, where must the spermatozoa be when ovulation takes place?

A

oviduct

61
Q

If no pregnancy begins during an estrous cycle, when does the corpus luteum degenerate?

A

late diestrus

62
Q

If the diploid chromosome number for an animal is 120 (cow), what is the haploid number of its gametes

A

60

63
Q

If the diploid chromosome number of an animal is 38 (cats), what is the diploid number of its offspring?

A

38

64
Q

Implantation occurs in the _______ of the uterus

A

endometrium

65
Q

In order to fully descend, the tests must pass through the

A

inguinal ring

66
Q

Intromission is the term for

A

insertion of a penis into a vagina

67
Q

Meiosis occurs

A

only in reproductive cells

68
Q

Sexual stimuli in the male results from high levels of _____ in the female

A

estrogen

69
Q

Spermatozoa are transported to the oviducts in just minutes due primarily to

A

uterine contractions

70
Q

The acrosome of the spermatozoa contains

A

digestive enzymes

71
Q

The best way to “untie” a male and female after the male has ejaculated its to

A

do nothing until it happens naturally

72
Q

The finger-like projections that make sure the mature female gamete gets caught when it is ovulated are the

A

fimbriae

73
Q

The pampiniform plexus is formed from

A

veins

74
Q

The primary endocrine cells of the testes are the

A

interstitial cells

75
Q

The timing for breeding is controlled by the:

A

estrous cycle

76
Q

The two portions of the male urethra are the

A

pelvic and penile portions

77
Q

The vas deferens is a continuation of the

A

tail of the epididymis

78
Q

Which animal is a polyestrous animals?
A.) bovine cow
B.) equine mare
C.) feline queen
D.) ovine ewe

A

bovine cow

79
Q

Which type of placental attachment is seen in dogs and cats

A

zonary

80
Q

What is Dr. Mile’s favorite (most funny sounding) name in the male reproductive system?

A

gubernaculum

81
Q

According to a specific student (Bobby) in this lecture class, what do female hyenas have anatomically?

A

A super penis

Animal Anatomy and Physiology (20 decks)

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