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anatomy > Internal Cranium > Flashcards

Internal Cranium Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three large depressions in the internal cranial base?

A

anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa

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2
Q

which is the most superior fossa made up of the ethmoid bone, the two frontal bones, and the body and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone?

A

anterior cranial fossa

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3
Q

which fossa is made up of the sphenodial crests/anterior clinoid processes, body of sphenoid, the greater wings of the sphenoid bone, and the squamous and petrous parts of the temporal bone?

A

middle cranial fossa

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4
Q

which cranial fossa is made up primarily of the occipital bone and in the midline and dorsum sellae and clivus parts of the temporal bone?

A

posterior cranial fossa

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5
Q

where is the cribriform plate?

A

on the anterior fossa, pretty much mini formina on the ethmoid bone

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6
Q

what passes through the cribriform plate?

A

olfactory nerve

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7
Q

what are the names of the foramina on the middle fossa?

A

optic canals, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum

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8
Q

what goes through the optic canals?

A

optic nerves and ophthalmic arteries

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9
Q

what passes through superior orbital fissure?

A

the ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic nerve, oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, and sympathetic fibers

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10
Q

what passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

maxillary nerve

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11
Q

what passes through the foramen ovale?

A

mandibular nerve, and accessory meningeal artery

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12
Q

what passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal artery and vein, and the meningeal branch of CN V3

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13
Q

what passes through the foramen lacerum?

A

the deep petrosal nerve and some meningeal arterial branches and small veins

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14
Q

what passes over the foramen lacerum?

A

internal carotid artery

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15
Q

what are the foramina of the posterior fossa?

A

internal acoustic meatus and foramen magnum

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16
Q

what passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

fascia nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, and labyrinthine artery

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17
Q

what passes through the foramen magnum?

A

the medulla and meninges, the vertebral arteries, branch of the spinal accessory nerve, dural veins, and the anterior and posterior spinal arteries

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18
Q

what passes through the jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, branch of the spinal accessory nerve, superior bulb of the internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses, and the meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

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19
Q

what passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

hypoglossal nerve

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20
Q

what are cranial meninges?

A

membranous coverings of the brain that lie immediately internal to the cranium to protect the brain, form a supporting network for arteries, veins, and venous sinuses and enclose subarachnoid space

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21
Q

what are the three meninges of the brain?

A

dura, arachnoid, pia mater

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22
Q

what is dura mater?

A

the tough thick external fibrous layer

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23
Q

what are the two layers of dura mater?

A

outer-periosteal and the inner-meningeal

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24
Q

which dura mater layer adheres to the internal surface of the cranium?

A

periosteal

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25
Q

which dura mater layer lies on the brain surface and at the foramen magnum becomes continuous with the spinal dura?

A

meningeal

26
Q

what are the dural folds that seperate the cranial vault and brain into compartments?

A

falx cerebral, tentorium cerebellum, falx cerebellar, seller diaphragm

27
Q

what are the dural sinuses lined with?

A

endothelium

28
Q

T/F sinuses are large vein like structures of the brain that receive blood from the deep veins of the brain

A

True

29
Q

what are the sinuses of the brain?

A

superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus

30
Q

what are the leptomeninges?

A

arachnoid and pia mater derived from a single embryonic layer

31
Q

what is the arachnoid mater?

A

it forms a lacy covering overlying the pia

32
Q

what are arachnoid granulations?

A

tufts of arachnoid that protrude through the meningeal layer of the dura. they transfer CSF to the venous blood

33
Q

what is pia mater?

A

adhered tightly to the brain within the cranial vault

34
Q

what are the 4 general sections of the brian?

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum and the brainstem

35
Q

what is the most anterior lobe of the brain?

A

frontal

36
Q

what is the most posterior lobe of the brain?

A

occipital

37
Q

what is the most superolateral lobe of the brain?

A

parietal

38
Q

what is the most inferolateral lobe of the brain?

A

temporal

39
Q

all but which lobe have a pole associated with them?

A

the parietal lobes

40
Q

describe the cerbrum

A

aka the telencephalon. it consists of the large cerebral hemispheres and the deeper basal ganglia

41
Q

where is the diencephalon?

A

it is deep and in the middle of the brain and consists of the thalamus and the associated hypothalamus

42
Q

where is the cerebellum?

A

most posterior and inferior part of the brain

43
Q

the brainstem consists of?

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

44
Q

what is included in the ventricular system?

A

lateral ventricle, midline 3rd and 4th ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct connecting the 3rd and 4th

45
Q

all ventricles contain what?

A

the choroid plexus

46
Q

what is the choroid plexus?

A

a modified pia structure covered with cuboidal epithelium which secretes the cerebrospinal fluid

47
Q

what does CSF protect and how?

A

the brain by providing a cushion for the brain from blows to the head

48
Q

where does the blood supply to the brain come from?

A

vertebral arteries and the internal carotid arteries

49
Q

the anterior circulation of the brain is supplied by what arteries?

A

the internal carotid arteries

50
Q

what do the internal carotid arteries continue as and where?

A

the middle cerebral arteries just medial to the anterior clinoid processes

51
Q

what are the two terminal branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

anterior cerebral arteries and middle cerebral arteries

52
Q

what do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

most of the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and the frontal pole

53
Q

what do the middle cerebral arteries supply?

A

the lateral surface of the brain and the temporal pole

54
Q

the posterior cerebral arteries are branches off what artery?

A

basilar

55
Q

what is the basilar artery formed by?

A

the union of the two vertebral arteries

56
Q

what do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

the inferior surface of the brain and the occipital pole

57
Q

what is the circle of willis

A

aka the arterial circle and it is an important anastomosis at the base of the brain

58
Q

what is the circle of willis composed of?

A

anterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral arteries
internal carotid arteries
posterior communicating arteries
posterior cerebral arteries

59
Q

T/F blood is drained through the cerebral and cerebellar veins which empty into the dural sinuses

A

true

60
Q

where do the internal jugular veins carry their blood?

A

down through the jugular foramen, down the carotid sheath, to merge with the subclavian vein.

61
Q

what is the path of veins starting from the internal jugular vein?

A

the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic veins to merge to form the superior vena cava to dump blood in the heart

anatomy (22 decks)

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