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anatomy > External cranium > Flashcards

External cranium Flashcards

1
Q

what is the neurocranium and what makes it up?

A

the bony covering of the brain and the 4 meninges. formed by 8 total bones
Paired: parietal and temporal
unpaired: frontal, occipital, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone

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2
Q

which bone is the most complex of the human bones>

A

sphenoid

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3
Q

the sphenoid bone contributes to what?

A

the orbit, middle cranial fossa and the lateral skull

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4
Q

what does the sphenoid bone house?

A

pituitary gland

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5
Q

what is the hollowed out area of the sphenoid bone called?

A

sphenoid sinus

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6
Q

what do the foramina within the sphenoid bone include?

A

foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, superior orbital fissure, optic canal, and foramen spinosum

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7
Q

which bone is a part of the neurocranium and the viscerocranium?

A

ethmoid bone

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8
Q

what does the ethmoid bone contain?

A

cribriform plate

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9
Q

what does the ethmoid bone contribute to?

A

the orbit, the lateral walls of the nasal cavity (Conchae), the nasal septum, and contains many air cells (called sinuses)

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10
Q

what is the dome like roof of the cranium called?

A

calvaria

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11
Q

what is the floor if the cranial vault of the skull called?

A

cranial base

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12
Q

how are most of the bones joined?

A

sutures

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13
Q

what type of joint are sutures?

A

syndesmosis

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14
Q

what is the anterior fontanelle?

A

a diamond shaped region between the frontal and parietal bones at the junction of the coronal and saggital sutures and called the bregma

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15
Q

what is the posterior fontanelle?

A

triangular shape at the lambda which is the junction between the lambdoid and sagittal sutures

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16
Q

what is the viscerocranium and what makes it up?

A

fascial bones (surrounding the orbits the nasal cavity and the mouth. made up of 15 irregularly shaped bones
paired: maxilla, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic bone, palatine bone, nasal bone, and lacrimal
unpaired: mandible, ethmoid and vomer

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17
Q

describe the maxilla

A

contains sockets for the teeth of the upper jaw. the two maxillae contribute the largest mass of anterior bones, which are fixed to the cranial base

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18
Q

where are the 3 unpaired bones of the viscerocranium centered?

A

in the midline

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19
Q

describe the mandible

A

contains sockets for the teeth of the lower jaw. the only movable bone of the skull due to TMJ

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20
Q

what is the orbitmeatal plate and what does it include?

A

a horizontal plate that included the inferior border of the orbit and the superior border of the external acoustic meatus, position of the head in anatomical neutral

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21
Q

where do the facial muscles lie?

A

in the subcutaneous tissues of the scalp

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22
Q

why do all the face muscles share the same innervation form the facial nerve?

A

because they are all derived from one embryonic structure called the second pharyngeal arch

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23
Q

what are the facial muscles?

A

occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, levator labii superioris, depressor labii inferioris, zygomaticus major, riorius, depressor anguli oris, mentalis, platysma, buccinator

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24
Q

posterior rami innervates what?

A

the skin of the posterior scalp and areas just posterior to the ears

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25
Q

anterior primary rami innervates what?

A

the superior most neck

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26
Q

where is the temporal fossa?

A

superior to the zygomatic arch

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27
Q

what is the posterior boundary of the temporal fossa?

A

the temporal lines

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28
Q

what is the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa?

A

the frontal and zygomatic bones

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29
Q

what is the superior boundary of the temporal fossa?

A

the temporal lines again

30
Q

what is the lateral boundary of the temporal fossa?

A

the zygomatic arch

31
Q

what is the inferior boundary of the temporal fossa?

A

infratemporal crest

32
Q

what is the floor of the temporal fossa?

A

the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

33
Q

what do the frontal, temporal, parietal and sphenoid bone form?

A

pteron

34
Q

what muscle resides in the temporal fossa and acts as a roof?

A

temporalis

35
Q

where is the infratemporal fossa?

A

inferior to the zygomatic arch and posterior to the maxilla. lies deep to the ramus of the mandible

36
Q

what is the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

the ramus of the mandible

37
Q

what is the medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

38
Q

what is the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

the posterior aspect of the maxilla

39
Q

what is the posterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

the tympanic plate, mastoid, and styloid processes of the temporal bone

40
Q

what is the superior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

the inferior surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

41
Q

what is the inferior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

where the medial pterygoid muscle attaches to the mandible near the angle of the mandible

42
Q

what are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A

inferior part of the temporal muscle, lateral and medial pterygoid muscles, maxillary artery, pterygoid venous plexus, branches of V3

43
Q

what type of joint is TMJ?

A

modified hinge joint

44
Q

what are the articular surfaces of TMJ?

A

condyle of the mandible, mandibular fossa, and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone

45
Q

the loose capsule surrounding TMJ is thickened laterally to form?

A

the lateral ligament

46
Q

what does the articular disc of TMJ do?

A

divide the joint into a superior and inferior compartment

47
Q

T/F gliding occurs between the temporal bone and the superior disc and the inferior joint is where movement occurs

A

true

48
Q

what are the two extrinsic ligaments of the mandible of the skull?

A

the stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligament

49
Q

what is the stylomandibular ligament and where is it?

A

a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland, it runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible

50
Q

what is the sphenomandibular ligament and where is it?

A

runs from the spine of the sphenoid to the lingula on the deep surface of the mandible. it provides the primary passively support of the mandible

51
Q

what are the muscles of mastication?

A

temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoid

52
Q

what is the common innervation of the muscles of mastication?

A

V3 because all derived from embryonic 1st pharyngeal arch

53
Q

describe the tongue

A

a mass of muscles which is covered in a mucous membrane

54
Q

what do the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles do in respect to the tongue?

A

intrinsic alter the shape of the tongue
extrinsic alter the position of the tongue

55
Q

all of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve except?

A

palatoglossus muscle (vagus)

56
Q

how many cranial nerves innervate the tongue?

A

5

57
Q

what are the cranial nerves that innervate the tongue?

A

V3, VII, IX, X, XII

58
Q

what do we need to know about the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

we have two longitudinal muscles (a horizontal and vertical)

59
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus

60
Q

temporal fibers of the right eye get info from what side of the world (visual field)?

A

left

61
Q

nasal fibers of the left eye get info from what side of the world (visual field)?

A

left

62
Q

which fibers are the only ones that cross in the optic chiasm?

A

medial/nasal fibers

63
Q

information from the right world goes to which side of the brain?

A

left side of the brain (occipital cortex)

64
Q

information from the left world goes to what side of the brain?

A

the right side of the brain (occipital cortex)

65
Q

T/F right visual field goes to right side of brain, left visual field goes to left brain

A

FALSE!!! right fibers to to right brain, and left fibers to left brain not visual fields

66
Q

what are the 3 actions of the superior oblique listed primary to tertiary?

A

intorsion (medial rotate), assist in abduction, helps with depression

67
Q

what are the 3 actions of the inferior oblique listed primary to tertiary?

A

extorsion (laterally rotates), assists in abduction, helps with elevation

68
Q

what are the 3 actions of the superior rectus listed primary to tertiary?

A

elevation, helps with adduction, medially rotates (intorsion)

69
Q

what are the 3 actions of the inferior rectus listed primary to tertiary?

A

depression, helps with adduction, laterally rotate (extorsion)

70
Q

what is the only action of the medial rectus?

A

adduction

71
Q

what is the only action of the lateral rectus?

A

abduction

anatomy (22 decks)

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