Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Intro to lower extremity > Flashcards

Intro to lower extremity Flashcards

1
Q

The lower limbs are extensions from the trunk designed for?

A

stability and weight bearing and to aid in locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which ligament is anterior and provides a clear line of demarcation between trunk and lower extremity ?

A

the inguinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is notable about the gluteal region?

A

it is posterior and a transitional zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why is the gluteal region considered a transitional zone?

A

because it physically is part of the trunk but functionally part of the lower extremity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the gluteal region a necessity for with humans?

A

bipedalism. allowing for the abductors of the thigh to be placed superiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

during embryonic development both limbs develop in which order?

A

cranial to caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

torsion around the long axis is in what directions?

A

opposite (the upper limb rotating laterally and the lower limb rotating medially)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the time difference during embryonic development of the lower limb budding from the trunk compared to the upper limbs?

A

lower limbs bud one week later than upper (around week 6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

for bipedalism what is accompanied with the elongation of the lower extremity?

A

internal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is the elongation of upper extremity and lower extremity accompanied with the same rotation?

A

no its internal for lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does internal rotation effect the lower extremities?

A

the knee and all distal joints flex posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the major contributors to the lower extremity?

A

segments L2-S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what comprises the pelvic girdle?

A

the sacrum, part of the vertebral column, and the os coxae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the os coxae composed of?

A

3 fused pelvic bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what articulates with the head of the femur?

A

acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is the acetabulum formed?

A

by contributions from all 3 pelvic bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?

A

the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where does the femur transmit weight?

A

from the hip bone to the tibial plateau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List the prominent features of the femur?

A

head, neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, and large condyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the angle of inclination?

A

obtuse angle between the axis of the head/neck of the femur and the shaft (approx 126º) important for bipedalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the torsion angle?

A

the difference between the axes of the femoral neck and femoral condyles when viewed along the longitudinal axis. important for bipedalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

list how body weight transferred?

A

from the vertebral column through the sacroiliac joints to the pelvic girdle and from the pelvic girdle to the hip joints, and onto the femurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why do the femurs descend obliquely?

A

so their distal ends are medially placed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what do the intercondylar fossa align with?

A

the middle of the femoral head on the line of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the only thing the femoral condyle articulates with?

A

tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

T/F: the fibula does not play a role in weight bearing

A

true only an attachment point for muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

at the ankle what articulates with the leg bones?

A

only the talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where in the ankle is the body weight distributed to?

A

the calcaneus and the spring ligament

29
Q

what are the two layers of the gluteal region?

A

superficial and deep

30
Q

where do the superficial muscles of the gluteal region attach and their main actions?

A

proximally attach to the ala of the ilium and mainly extend, abduct, and medially rotate the thigh

31
Q

where do the deep muscles of the gluteal region attach and their main actions?

A

these are much smaller. they attach distally on or near the intertrochanteric crest of the femur and mainly laterally rotate the thigh but also stabilize the hip joint by steadying the femoral head in the acetabulum along with ligaments

32
Q

what is the role of the anterior thigh?

A

flexors of hip and extensors of knee

33
Q

what is the role of the posterior thigh?

A

extend the thigh and flex the knee

34
Q

what is the role of the medial thigh?

A

adduct the thigh

35
Q

what is the role of the anterior leg?

A

dorsiflexors of ankle, extension of toes

36
Q

what is the role of the posterior leg?

A

plantarflexion of ankle, inversion of foot and flexion of toes

37
Q

what is the role of the lateral leg?

A

evert the foot

38
Q

what is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus?

A

the femoral nerve

39
Q

where does the femoral nerve originate and descend to?

A

originates within the psoas major m and descends to the thigh through the pelvis and enters the thigh deep to the inguinal ligament

40
Q

what does the femoral nerve supply?

A

the anterior thigh muscles, skin on the anterior thigh, and a branch continues to the anteromedial skin of the knee, leg, and foot

41
Q

what nerve runs medial to the psoas m. and along the lateral wall of the pelvis?

A

the obturator nerve

42
Q

where does the obturator nerve exit?

A

through the obturator foramen

43
Q

what does the obturator nerve supply?

A

muscles of the medial thigh

44
Q

what is the largest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic nerve

45
Q

where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis?

A

through the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis m

46
Q

where does the sciatic nerve appear but does not innervate muscles in that area?

A

in the gluteal region

47
Q

what does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

all posterior muscles of the lower extremity, all muscles of the leg and foot, most of the skin of the leg and foot and joints of the lower extremities by branches

48
Q

when does the external iliac artery change name and to what does its name change to?

A

after it enters the femoral triangle it changes to the femoral artery

49
Q

where does the external iliac artery travel?

A

inferiorly, deep to the inguinal ligament

50
Q

what do anastamoses play an important role in?

A

blood flow around joints especially the knee

51
Q

what is a continuation of the femoral artery?

A

the popliteal artery

52
Q

where is the popliteal artery?

A

on the posterior aspect of the distal thigh

53
Q

when does the femoral artery change its name?

A

as the femoral artery crosses the adductor hiatus and emerges posterior to the distal femur

54
Q

what does the popliteal artery run deep in?

A

the popliteal fossa

55
Q

how many genicular a. are given off of the popliteal artery?

A

5

56
Q

what is the artery of the anterior compartment?

A

the anterior tibial artery

57
Q

where does the anterior tibial artery become the the dorsal artery of the foot?

A

distal to the inferior extensor retinaculum

58
Q

what is the more direct continuation of the popliteal a and is the artery of the posterior compartment?

A

the posterior tibial artery

59
Q

what does the posterior tibial artery supply?

A

all muscles in the posterior compartment

60
Q

where does the fibular artery run?

A

lateral and parallel to the posterior tibial artery

61
Q

what does the fibular artery supply?

A

muscles of the posterior compartment and also lateral compartment via perforating branches

62
Q

where is the deep group of veins?

A

deep to the deep fascia traveling with major arteries

63
Q

which veins contain more valves the deep or superficial?

A

deep

64
Q

what are the two major superficial veins?

A

the great and small saphenous veins

65
Q

what gives rise to the great saphenous vein?

A

the union of the dorsal vein of the great toe and the dorsal venous arch

66
Q

what arises from the lateral side of the foot where the dorsal vein of the small toe meets the dorsal venous arch?

A

the small saphenous vein

67
Q

what does the small saphenous vein empty into

A

the popliteal vein after coursing along the posterior aspect of the leg

68
Q

what is the great saphenous vein commonly used for?

A

coronary arterial bypasses

Anatomy (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions