B/B BP Diagnostic

Question 1

does histone acetylation or deacetylation allow for increased gene exp

Answer 1

acetylation

Question 2

what are the monocytes

Answer 2

monocytes r the largest type of wbc. factors released by epithelium help form a cascade that leads to accumulation of immune cells at injury site

Question 3

what is smth that tight junctions hallmarks of

Answer 3

epithelium

Question 4

charge of adenine, thymine and ribose(said in dna and rna respectively)

Answer 4

neutral

Question 5

charge of phosphate (said in dna)

Answer 5

negative

Question 6

why does botulism poisoning cause falccid paralysis

Answer 6

neurotoxin prevents vesicles from rel acholine.this wldnt cause repeated depol or activation of the musc. the release is needed to activate skeletal musc in the first place. instead, the toxin interferes w nerve impulses and causes flaccid, or sagging, musc paralysis. u need acholine at nmusc junction for skel musc contraction

Question 7

what are antigens

Answer 7

antigens are surface proteins that serve as identifying markers on cells and mols

Question 8

what are antibodies

Answer 8

instead, antibody is the answer bc they r made to recog and bind specific epitopes of biomols like proteins

Question 9

what causes the ph of blood to get too high

Answer 9

hyperventilation- blowing off too much co2

Question 10

which are the lipid soluble vitamins

Answer 10

a,d,e and k

Question 11

which are the water soluble vitamins

Answer 11

b and c

Question 12

why do obese ppl need more vitamin d

Answer 12

lipid soluble vitamins are a,d,e and k. the water soluble ones are b and c. greater amts of subcutaneous fat sequester more of the lipid soluble vitamins and lower their release into the circ. thus, excess fat increases the initial dose of vitamin required to achieve a particular effect

Question 13

what is the poly a tail imp for

Answer 13

poly a tail is imp for nuc export, translation and stability of mrna. the tail is shortened over time and when its short enough the mrna is enzymatically degraded

Question 14

type 1 restriction enzyme

Answer 14

type 1 enzymes cleave at sites remote from recog site and require both atp and s-adenosyl-l met else to fxn

Question 15

type 2 restriction enzyme

Answer 15

cleave within or at short specific distances from their recog sites and often require magnesium

Question 16

type 3 restriction enzyme

Answer 16

cleave at sites at a short distance from their recog sites and need atp, but dont hydrolyze it. s-adenosyl-l met increases the rate of this rxn but isnt required.

Question 17

type 4 restriction enzyme

Answer 17

target modified (ex: methylated, hydroxymethylated) dna.

Question 18

what is an azide

Answer 18

a powerful nucleophile that can readily add to available ephiles such as nucleotide molecules

Question 19

osmosis

Answer 19

refers to particle mvmt, usually water across a memb

Question 20

which is smaller amino acids or insulin

Answer 20

amino acids

Question 21

what happens if the imm of the mito is disrupted

Answer 21

en released by ox phosph and used to make atp is generated from pot en in the form of a h+ grad, which creates an echem grad across the mito memb. if this memb is disrupted, this grad cant be maintained. without this grad, ox phosph cannot continue to produce atp