Blueprint/Kaplan/AAMC Orgo

Question 1

how do u make a hemiacetal

Answer 1

aldehyde + alcohol

Question 2

which is more reactive ald or ket

Answer 2

ald

Question 3

which is more acidic ald or ket

Answer 3

ald

Question 4

are alkyl groups edg or ewg

Answer 4

edg

Question 5

what is a sec butyl substituent

Answer 5

A sec-butyl substituent is four carbons long and the second carbon is attached to the rest of the molecule.

Question 6

One way to define an oxidation is that

Answer 6

One way to define an oxidation is that there is an increase in carbon to nitrogen bonds.

Question 7

Hydrocarbon reactivity increases as. what do db and tb cause to happen to e density. what does this mean for reactivity

Answer 7

Hydrocarbon reactivity increases as electron density is increased. Double bonds increase electron density and triple bonds increase it even more. So molecules with triple bonds will be more reactive than those with double bonds and those with only single bonds will be the least reactive.

Question 8

tert butyl

Answer 8

Tert-butyl includes a single carbon attached to three methyl groups and also bound to the rest of the molecule.

Question 9

what will the numbering of the carbonyl carbon be

Answer 9

The carbonyl carbon will always be numbered as “1”. (in carb unit)

Question 10

whats an enolate

Answer 10

An enolate is the intermediate in keto-enol tautomerization under basic conditions, not acidic

Question 11

do reversible rxns favor tdynamic or kinetic

Answer 11

Reversible reactions favor the thermodynamic product, since it is more stable and favored by equilibrium.

Question 12

The product of a Michael addition

Answer 12

The product of a Michael addition is a 1,5 dicarbonyl structure.

Question 13

product of an aldol condensation

Answer 13

An α,β-unsaturated ketone or aldehyde is the product of an aldol condensation

Question 14

enolates v enols

Answer 14

enolate has a negative charge, enols are not charged

Question 15

The molecular geometry at the site of nucleophilic addition to a carbon can be:

Answer 15

trigonal planar or linear

Question 16

what type of rxns favor the e2 mechanism

Answer 16

Reactions carried out in a strongly basic environment, such as that created by tert-butoxide, strongly favor the E2 mechanism.

Question 17

what do e1 reactions rely on and so what species would be likely to undergo such a rxn

Answer 17

Much like SN1, E1 reactions rely on the formation of a carbocation intermediate. Therefore, species that can readily form a stable carbocation are more likely to undergo an E1 reaction. In this question, the structures pictured are all primary alkyl halides except for this tert-butyl chloride, a tertiary alkyl halide.

D

Question 18

Students are trying to determine by which elimination reaction mechanism two different reactions are proceeding. The rate of reaction A seems to depend only on the concentration of the substrate, while reaction B seems to depend on both the concentration of base and concentration of substrate. Can a determination be made from this information, and if so, what is it?

Answer 18

E1 reactions obey a unimolecular rate law (rate = k[A]) while E2 reactions obey a bimolecular rate law (rate = k[A][B]). Given that it is already known that elimination reactions are occurring, we can rather confidently assume that reaction A is proceeding through an E1 mechanism while reaction B is proceeding through an E2 mechanism

Question 19

compare the acidity of phenols and alcs

Answer 19

phenol> alc

Question 20

compare the acidity of aryls and alkyls amines

Answer 20

aryl> alkyl

Question 21

how do u define an alcohol as primary, secondary or tertiary

Answer 21

Alcohols are defined as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of alkyl groups on the carbon bonded to the OH. In this image, the alcohol group is attached to a carbon which is bonded to two other methyl groups, making it secondary

Question 22

how to name with an alc and an amine group

Answer 22

alc is higher priotiry, so the name should end in “ol”

Question 23

enantiomers are

Answer 23

optically active

Question 24

can you directly draw a fischer from a chair

Answer 24

its better to make it a haworth first

Question 25

do racemic mixes rotate plane polarized light

Answer 25

no

Question 26

hnrna

Answer 26

mrna that hasnt undergone transcriptional modifications. its also called pre mrna

Question 27

what kind of products does elim make

Answer 27

multiple prods that are structural isomers

Question 28

what kind of prods does sub make

Answer 28

prods that are stereoisomers

Question 29

in what order are amino acids made

Answer 29

N to C terminus

Question 30

imide

Answer 30

2 acyl groups bound to nitrogen

Question 31

amide

Answer 31

c(o)nr2

Question 32

primary amine

Answer 32

nitrogen bound to one sub

Question 33

tert amine

Answer 33

nitrogen bound to 2 sub

Question 34

what do impurities do to mp range

Answer 34

impurities lowers and broadens the range

Question 35

heterocycle

Answer 35

a ring of atoms of more than one kind

Question 36

what on glucose marks it as a reducing sugar? can it undergo mutarotation

Answer 36

hemiacetal on gluc marks it as a reducing sugar also it can undergo mutarotation

Question 37

why does hyperventilating decrease blood co2 conc

Answer 37

its excessive exhalation

Question 38

dsdna

Answer 38

double stranded dna

Question 39

best colvents for sn1 and sn2

Answer 39

The SN2 Is Favored By Polar Aprotic Solvents. The SN1 Tends To Proceed In Polar Protic Solvents

Question 40

best solvents for e1 and e2

Answer 40

e1 and e2= polar protic

Question 41

polar protic solvent

Answer 41

Polar Protic solvents are polar solvents that have at least 1 hydrogen that is connected directly to a particular electronegative atom such as O-H, N-H, etc., and are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the solute. (water, methanol, acetic acid)

Question 42

polar aprotic solvent

Answer 42

A polar aprotic solvent is a solvent that doesn’t have an acidic proton and is polar. Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups. In contrast to protic solvents, these solvents do not serve as proton donors in hydrogen bonding, although they can be proton acceptors. (acetone, ethers, chloroform)