Developmental and Social

Question 1

Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with:

Answer 1

body contact

Question 2

During a group conversation, men are more likely than women to

Answer 2

interrupt other speakers

Question 3

Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a

Answer 3

facelike image

Question 4

According to Piaget, a person first comprehends that division is the reverse of multiplication during the ________ stage.

Answer 4

concrete operational

Question 5

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of:

Answer 5

insecure attachment

Question 6

Infants develop a fear of strangers at about 8 months of age because they can’t assimilate unfamiliar faces into their

Answer 6

schemas

Question 7

Cell division and differentiation begin when the prenatal organism is a(n):

Answer 7

zygote

Question 8

Vincent’s ability to reason hypothetically in his geometry class indicates that he is in the ________ stage of development.

Answer 8

formal operational

Question 9

John’s two-year-old twins are constantly fighting over toys. This behavior is driving John crazy because the twins are hitting each other and pulling toys from each other. He decides to have a talk with them to explain that their behavior has to change. He tells each of them that the other one feels bad when being hit and that they should learn to share. To his dismay, the behavior continued as if he hadn’t done anything. According to Jean Piaget, why might this be happening?

Answer 9

Two-year-olds are egocentric and cannot understand things from another’s point of view

Question 10

According to Piaget, schemas are

Answer 10

people’s conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences

Question 11

Nonreproductive sexual characteristics such as the deepened male voice and male facial hair are called

Answer 11

secondary sex characteristics

Question 12

As compared with the production of egg cells, sperm cell production

Answer 12

begins later in life

Question 13

When Tommy’s mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly near the beginning of Piaget’s ________ stage.

Answer 13

sensorimotor

Question 14

Genetically identical twins first begin their separate paths of prenatal development during ________ development.

Answer 14

zygotic

Question 15

Harlow’s studies of infant monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with

Answer 15

adequate nourishment

Question 16

Evidence that easy, relaxed infants develop secure attachments more readily than difficult, emotionally intense babies would illustrate the importance of

Answer 16

temperament: Temperament is the way children respond to the world. Differences in temperament influence the way children handle emotions, regulate behaviour and feel around new people.

Question 17

The term puberty refers to the period of

Answer 17

rapid physical and sexual development and the onset of pituitary gland activation

Question 18

Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child

Answer 18

develops through a series of stages

Question 19

During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n)

Answer 19

zygote and finally develops into an embryo

Question 20

Incorporating new information into existing theories is to ________ as modifying existing theories in light of new information is to ________.

Answer 20

assimilation; accommodation

Question 21

One of the most consistently damaging teratogens is

Answer 21

alcohol

Question 22

According to Piaget, accommodation refers to

Answer 22

adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences

Question 23

Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget’s concept of

Answer 23

egocentrism

Question 24

Mrs. Pearson cut Judy’s hot dog into eight pieces and Sylvia’s into six pieces. Sylvia cried because she felt she wasn’s getting as much hot dog as Judy. Piaget would say Sylvia doesn’t understand the principle of

Answer 24

Conservation, in child development, is a logical thinking ability first studied by Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. In short, being able to conserve means knowing that a quantity doesn’t change if it’s been altered (by being stretched, cut, elongated, spread out, shrunk, poured, etc).