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BDS1 > Head and Neck anatomy > Flashcards

Head and Neck anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial bones are there?

A

8

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2
Q

How many facial bones are there?

A

14

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3
Q

What are the 3 cranial sutures?

A

coronal (front)
saggital (middle)
lambdoid (back)

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4
Q

What is the purpose of cranial sutures?

A

Cranial sutures allow for the skull to move over during the birth process

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5
Q

How long do the cranial sutures take to close over?

A

A year to a year and a half

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6
Q

What are the fontanelles?

A

Fontanelles allow for stretching and deformation of the neurocranium both during birth and later as the brain expands faster than the surrounding bone can grow

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7
Q

What are the bones of the cranial base?

A

Ethmoid 1
Frontal 1
Occipital 1
Sphenoid 1
Temporal 2

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8
Q

What is the name of the hole in the middle of the skull?

A

Foramen Magnum

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9
Q

What shape is the sphenoid bone?

A

Butterfly shape

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10
Q

What bone forms the foreman magnum?

A

The occipital lobe

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11
Q

What is the artery found near temporal bone?

A

middle meningeal artery

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12
Q

What does bursting the middle meningeal artery cause?

A

Extradural haemorrhage

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13
Q

What bones are visible from the top of the skull?

A

Frontal bone
Occipital bone
Parietal bone
Temporal Bone (squamous part)

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14
Q

What is the weakest part of the skull?

A

Pterion

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15
Q

What is the thinnest bone in the body?

A

Lacrimal bone

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16
Q

What cranial nerves are involved in the eye socket?

A

Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)

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17
Q

What is another name for the eye socket?

A

The orbit

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18
Q

What cartilage is found in the nose?

A

Septal cartilage

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19
Q

What bone is found in the nose?

A

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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20
Q

What is the main arterial blood supply to head and neck?

A

Arch of aorta
Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
external carotid artery (several branches)

21
Q

What are other arteries found in head and neck?

A

Ascending pharyngeal - supplies pharynx
Superior thyroid- supplies thyroid
Lingual - supplies floor of the tongue
Facial
Occipital- supplies skin goes towards occipital bone
Posterior auricular- supplies part of ear
Superficial temporal - goes up the temporal bone
Maxillary

22
Q

What does the internal jugular vein do?

A

Drains the cerebellum, the inside of the skull and most of the external structures

23
Q

What is the cavernous sinus?

A

The cavernous sinus is an unconventional venous system in the sense that it does not have a unidirectional flow of blood.

24
Q

What is the dural venous sinus?

A

Dural venous sinuses are venous channels located intracranially between the two layers of dura mater

25
Q

What are the three parts of the trigeminal nerve?

A

ophthalmic nerve (V1)
the maxillary nerve (V2)
mandibular nerve (V3) Mixed nerve

26
Q

What two ligaments make up the TMJ?

A

Sphenomandibular ligament and the lateral ligament

27
Q

What muscle of mastication opens the mouth?

A

Lateral Pterygoid

28
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

29
Q

What nerve supplies the mandible?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular part of the trigeminal nerve)

30
Q

What is the articular surface?

A

Make smooth movement between two bones, hyaline cartilage

31
Q

What is the function of the temporalis?

A

Elevates and retracts the mandible

32
Q

Where is masseter located?

A

Comes from the zygoma down to the angle of the mandible?

33
Q

What are the two parts of the masseter?

A

Superficial part and the deep part

34
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid?

A

Elevates and protrudes the mandible

35
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

The brachial plexus is the network of nerves that sends signals from your spinal cord to your shoulder, arm and hand

36
Q

What is the nerve supply to the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory

37
Q

What does the sternocleidomastoid do on its own, and what do they do acting together?

A

On its own rotation of the head towards the opposite side and superior rotation of the head. Joint contraction with the left and right results in flexion of the neck

38
Q

What is torticollis?

A

Twisting of the neck that causes the head to rotate and tilt at an odd angle

39
Q

What are the two major branches of the common carotid artery and what do they supply?

A

External- face, tongue
Internal-Brain

40
Q

At what cervical level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

A

C4

41
Q

Why does stenosis occur at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?

A

Change of direction of blood flowing superiorly

42
Q

Why may the hypoglossal nerve be partially sectioned to reinnervate another nerve close by?

A

Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis

43
Q

What does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

44
Q

Why are secretions produced by the thyroid gland important?

A

Essential for normal neural and growth development

45
Q

What is the arterial supply of the thyroid gland?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

46
Q

What emergency procedure is undertaken between the thyroid and crichoid cartilages?

A

cricothyroidotomy

47
Q

What comprises the ‘strap’ muscles?

A

Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid

48
Q

What is the function of the ‘strap’ muscles?

A

Depression of the hyoid bone in swallowing

49
Q

What is the function of the digastric muscle?

A

Opens the jaw

BDS1 (43 decks)

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