Neuro psych Quiz 1.1

Question 1

How many types of cells are in the nervous system?

Answer 1

2 Neurons and Glia

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

receive information and transmit it to other cells

Question 3

What did Santiago Cajal discover?

Answer 3

That nerve cells are separated by a small gap.

Question 4

Membrane

Answer 4

A structure that separates the inside of the cell from from the outside environment

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

structure that contains the chromosomes

Question 6

Mitochondrion

Answer 6

the structure that performs metabolic activities, providing the energy that the cell uses for all activities

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

The sites where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules

Question 8

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

Network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations

Question 9

Motor neuron

Answer 9

sends messages away from structure efferent.

Question 10

sensory neuron

Answer 10

sends messages to structures afferent

Question 11

Dendrites

Answer 11

branching fibers that get narrower near their ends

Question 12

dendritic spine

Answer 12

short outgrowths in dendrites that increase the surface area available for synapses

Question 13

Cell body (soma)

Answer 13

contains nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria

Question 14

Axon

Answer 14

thin fiber of constand diameter and conveys impulse toward other neurons, an organ or muscle

Question 15

Myelin sheath

Answer 15

insulating material that increases action potential

Question 16

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 16

breaks in Myelin sheath that help facilitate speed

Question 17

presynaptic terminal

Answer 17

end bulbs at the end of a neuron

Question 18

Afferent neurons

Answer 18

bring info into structure

Question 19

efferent neurons

Answer 19

bring info out of structure

Question 20

interneurons/intrinsic neurons

Answer 20

when a cell’s dendrites are within a structure

Question 21

Glia

Answer 21

Smaller than neurons. Has multiple types one being astrocytes

Question 22

Astrocytes

Answer 22

wrap around the presynaptic terminal of group of functionally related axons and shields from chemicals, and synchronizes the activity of the axons, guide information, and remove waste material, and dilatate blood vessels to bring more nutrients

Question 23

microglia

Answer 23

part of the immune system and remove waste material, viruses, and fungi

Question 24

Oligodentrysites

Answer 24

helps build myelin sheath

Question 25

SCHWANN cells

Answer 25

helps build myelin sheaths

Question 26

Radial glia

Answer 26

guide the migration of neurons ant their axons and dendrites during embryonic development

Question 27

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 27

mechanism that exludes mot chemicals from the vertebrate brain

Question 28

What is one major disadvantage of the BBB and what is an advantage of the BBB

Answer 28

THe BB keeps out viruses but also keeps out nutrients

Question 29

thiamine

Answer 29

what the body needs to USE glucose which fuels the brain

Question 30

What non charged chemicals cross the BBB and membrane freely/passively

Answer 30

Oxygen, Water, and Carbon Dioxide

Question 31

Which charged chemicals cross the membrane by protein channels?

Answer 31

Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Calcium

Question 32

What do Glia cells do?

Answer 32

exchange chemicals with adjacent neurons, do NOT transmit over LONG distances, and they support, protect, and nourish neurons

Question 33

What chemicals cross the BBB by active transport?

Answer 33

Amino acids, Choline, iron, certain vitamins, and some hormones, and glucose.