Test 2 (Chap 3)

Question 1

Galatians 5:1

Answer 1

For freedom Christ has set us free; stand firm therefore, and do not submit again to a yoke of slavery.

Question 2

Active placebo

Answer 2

A psychologically inactive drug that has some peripheral side effects that patients may recognize and thereby assume they are receiving actual treatment.

Question 3

Examples of Active placebo

Answer 3

Patients experiencing minor dry mouth, dizziness, or blurred vision.

Question 4

Agoraphobia

Answer 4

Fear of being in open places where a panic attack may occur and from which it would be difficult to escape or help would be unavailable.

Question 5

Anticonvulsant

Answer 5

A drug used to treat seizure disorders. Occasionally used to treat symptoms of bipolar disorder.

Question 6

Antimanic

Answer 6

A drug used to treat bouts of mania or hypomania

Question 7

Atypical

Answer 7

An atypical drug is a class of drug that differs significantly in its mechanism of action from other medication for a particular psychological disorder.

Question 8

Bipolar disorder

Answer 8

A severe mood disorder characterized by depressive and manic episodes.

Question 9

Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)

Answer 9

A nerve growth factor essential for normal cell survival, receptor growth, and for the growth of new neurons.

Question 10

CREB (cyclic adenosine monophosphate (or cAMP) response element binding protein)

Answer 10

A second messenger activated by metabotropic receptors responsible for transcribing brain-derived neurotropic factor from a cell’s DNA

Question 11

Deaminate

Answer 11

An enzymatic reaction that deactivates a neurotransmitter by removing an essential amine chemical group from its molecular structure.

Question 12

Downregulation

Answer 12

A process that results in a decrease in synaptic activity caused by decreasing neurotransmitter synthesis, its release, and/or its receptor availability

Question 13

Dysthymic disorder

Answer 13

A moderately severe mood disorder that is characterized by lengthy episodes of depression (at least 2 years)

Question 14

First generation drug

Answer 14

the first class of drugs used to treat a particular psychological disorder

Question 15

Hypomanic episode

Answer 15

A period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least four days. Less severe than a manic episode

Question 16

Lag time

Answer 16

The delay of about 10 to 14 days between the onset of medication and observations of symptom relief in depression.

Question 17

Major depressive disorder

Answer 17

A severe mood disorder during which a person experiences depressive episodes without intermittent bouts of mania

Question 18

Manic episode

Answer 18

A period of at least one week of excessively elevated mood, euphoria, or enthusiasm that may be interrupted by outbursts of anger or irritability.

Question 19

Monoamine hypothesis

Answer 19

The proposal that deficiencies in the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and/or serotonin cause depression.

Question 20

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer 20

An antidepressant that blocks the activity of the degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase in the synaptic gap of monoamine neurotransmitters.

Question 21

Nurogenesis

Answer 21

The cellular process that contributes to neuronal growth

Question 22

Neuropathic pain

Answer 22

Associated with damage to, or overuse of, nerves. It may be associated with certain types of cancer, autoimmune disorders, or trauma.

Question 23

Psychostimulant

Answer 23

A drug that increase or stimulates cortical activity and arousal.

Question 24

What are examples of Psychostimulants

Answer 24

Cocaine and amphetamines

Question 25

Rapid cycling

Answer 25

A condition where periods of depression and mania in bipolar disorder cycle at least four times in a year.

Question 26

Reactive depression

Answer 26

A period of depression associated with a significant life event such as the loss of a spouse or significant other, loss of financial resources, or significant stress.

Question 27

Second generation

Answer 27

A class of drugs that have supplemented or replaced first generation drugs and differ significantly in their mechanism of action.

Question 28

Serotonin syndrome

Answer 28

A toxic reaction caused by excessive serotonin activity. Symptoms may include disorientation, confusion, visual disturbances, agitation, and mania

Question 29

Suicidality

Answer 29

Attempts, both successful and unsuccessful, at committing suiide.

Question 30

Suicide ideation

Answer 30

Thoughts of suicide and/or planning suicide attempts

Question 31

Transcription

Answer 31

A step in the process of expressing the activity of genes for the building of a specific protein.

Question 32

Tricyclic antidepressant

Answer 32

An antidepressant characterized by its three-ring molecular structure.

Question 33

Upregulation

Answer 33

A process that results in an increase in synaptic activity by increasing neurotransmitter synthesis, its release, and/or the availability of its receptors.

Question 34

What is the S in SIGECAPS?

Answer 34

Sleep - Too much or too little

Question 35

What is SIGECAPS for?

Answer 35

Diagnosing depression

Question 36

What is the I in SIGECAPS

Answer 36

Interested - What do you do for fun?

Question 37

What is the G in SIGECAPS

Answer 37

Guilt

Question 38

What is the E in SIGECAPS

Answer 38

Energy - too much or too little

Question 39

What is the C in SIGECAPS

Answer 39

Concentration

Question 40

What is the A in SIGECAPS

Answer 40

Appetite - Too much or too little

Question 41

What is the P in SIGECAPS

Answer 41

Psychomotor - too much or too little movement

Question 42

What is the second S in SIGECAPS

Answer 42

Sex - loose interest in - or Suicide

Question 43

Serotonin Specific Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) drugs

Answer 43

1) Celexa 2) Lexapro 3) Prozac 4) Luvox 5) Paxil 6) Zoloft

Question 44

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) drugs

Answer 44

1) Marplan 2) Nardil 3) Eldapril 4) Parnate

Question 45

Tricyclic Antidepressant Drugs

Answer 45

1) Elavil 2) Norpramin 3) Sinequan 4) Tofranil, Imipramin 5) Pamelor 6) Triptil, Vivactil 7) Surmontil

Question 46

What drug makes you eat alot?

Answer 46

Remeron

Question 47

Lexapro

Answer 47

escitalopram

Question 48

Celexa

Answer 48

citalopram

Question 49

Zoloft

Answer 49

sertraline

Question 50

Prozac

Answer 50

fluoxetine

Question 51

Paxil

Answer 51

paroxetine

Question 52

Serotonin (SE)-Norepinephrine (NE) Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Drugs

Answer 52

1) Cymbalta 2) Remeron 3) Serzone 4) Effexor

Question 53

Atypical antidepressants drugs

Answer 53

1) Asendin 2) Wellbutrin/Zyban 3) Ludiomil 4) Norebox, Edronax 5) Desyrel

Question 54

Effexor

Answer 54

venlafaxine

Question 55

Pristia

Answer 55

desvealafaxin

Question 56

Cymbalta

Answer 56

duloxetine

Question 57

Remeron

Answer 57

mirtazepine

Question 58

Wellbutrin/Zyban

Answer 58

bupropion

Question 59

Desyrel

Answer 59

trazodone

Question 60

Esketamine

Answer 60

ketamine

Question 61

Tofranil

Answer 61

imipramine

Question 62

Elavil

Answer 62

amiltriptyline

Question 63

Pamelor

Answer 63

nortriptyline

Question 64

Anafranil

Answer 64

clomipreminyo

Question 65

Mood stabilizers and anticonvulsant drugs

Answer 65

1) Cithium 2) Depalcote 3) Neurontin 4) Lyricm 5) Topomax 6) Tegretol 7) Abilify

Question 66

.... loads the gun but .... pulls the trigger

Answer 66

Genetics, Environment

Question 67

What is FIGIPC for?

Answer 67

Mania diagnosis

Question 68

What does FIGIPC stand for?

Answer 68

Flight of ideas Impulsiveness Grandiosity Insomnia - sometimes first symptom Pressure of speech - can't stop speaking Clanging associations - rymes/lyrics

Question 69

What is the Monoamine Hypothesis?

Answer 69

We have too few Monamines (Serotonin, Dopamine, and Norepinephrine).

Question 70

Why was the monoamine hypothesis revised?

Answer 70

Because even though antidepressant treatments cause rapid changes in neurotransmitters, there is a lag time between drug-induced changes in neurotransmitter availability and symptoms which can take 2 weeks or longer to improve.

Question 71

How was the Monoamine hypothesis revised?

Answer 71

That depression may be a consequence of neural degeneration in the hippocampus and frontal cortex caused by monoamine neurons in these areas failing to produce enough tropic or growth factors. - There is more going on than just monoamine neurotransmitter unavailability

Question 72

What nerve growth factor is believed to play a significant part in the revised monoamine hypothesis?

Answer 72

BDNF (brain-derived neurotropic factor)

Question 73

What may contribute to the complication of the monoamine hypothesis?

Answer 73

Chronic Stress

Question 74

Who came up with the BDNF theory?

Answer 74

Ronald Duman

Question 75

Depression was believed to be caused by downregulation of..... and increase of.....

Answer 75

Monoamine, autoreceptor activity

Question 76

What is the series of cellular events that BDNF is dependent upon?

Answer 76

1) There is an influx of Calcium upon the activation of monoamine metabotropic receptors. 2) Calcium then activates second messengers 3) Second messengers (CREB) which regulate the transcription of BDNF from the cell's DNA is activated 4) BDNF is increased/activated 5) AKA... Calcium starts the party, cAMP goes up, PKA goes up, CREB goes up, BDNF goes up, and depression goes down.