Joints Of Thoracic Limb

Question 1

Major joints of the thoracic limb

Answer 1

Shoulder, glenohumeral, elbow, carpus, carpometacarpal, interphalangeal

Question 2

Three joints that make up the elbow or ______ joint

Answer 2

Humero-radial, humero-ulner, radio-ulnar

Question 3

Joints in carpal region

Answer 3

Antebrachiocarpal joint
Middle carpal
Intercarpal
Carpometacarpal

Question 4

Location of antebrachiocarpal joint

Answer 4

Between antebrachium and proximal row of carpal bones

Question 5

Location of middle carpal and intercarpal joints

Answer 5

Middle - between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
Intercarpal - among the individual carpal bones

Question 6

Location of carpometacarpal joint

Answer 6

Between distal row of carpal bone and metacarpal

Question 7

Common injury of Coronoid processes of ulna

Answer 7

Fragmented coronoid process - painful elbows

Question 8

Common injury of anconeal process of ulna

Answer 8

Inperfusion of anconeal process - painful to walk

Question 9

Anatomical and common names for shoulder joint

Answer 9

AN - scapulohumeral joint
CN - shoulder

Question 10

Anatomical and common names for elbow joint

Answer 10

AN - humero-radio-ulnar joint
CN - elbow

Question 11

Anatomical and common names for wrist joint

Answer 11

AN - Antebrachio-carpal-middle carpal-Intercarpal- carpometacarpal joint
CN - wrist

Question 12

Joint of the digits

Answer 12

Metacarpophalangeal joint
D1 - one interphalangeal jt
D2-5 - proximal interphalangeal & distal interphalangeal

Question 13

Accessibility of carpal joints and joint pouches of full flexion

Answer 13

Antebrachiocarpal/radiocarapal joint - opens widely, fully accessible
Middle carpal joint - opens fully accessible
Carpometacarpal joint - doesn’t open wide but it communicates w middle carpal joint

Question 14

Ligaments of thoracic limb

Answer 14

Collateral ligament
Medial and lateral
Longitudinal bundles of collagenous fibers in superficial layer of the joint capsule passing from the bone

Question 15

Function of collateral ligaments

Answer 15

Prevent medial to lateral movement

Question 16

Common injury of collateral ligaments

Answer 16

Can rupture with little trauma

Question 17

Location of medial and lateral collateral ligaments

Answer 17

Form an X on the elbow, carpus etc

Question 18

What ligament support rotary action of radial head against the radial notch of the ulna

Answer 18

Annular ligament of the elbow

Question 19

Extrinsic vs intrinsic muscles

Answer 19

Extrinsic - attack limb to axial skeleton. Intrinsic - all attachments lie on bones of the limb itself

Question 20

Most common nerve injury

Answer 20

Radial nerve, injury results with inability to walk

Question 21

What muscle has notable differences in the antebrachium of cat/dog?

Answer 21

Brachioradialis. Dogs is inconsistent and small, feline is robust and constant

Question 22

Notable aspect of biceps brachii

Answer 22

Transverse humeral ligament

Question 23

Notable aspect and location of brachialis

Answer 23

Distal attachment to ulna, located laterally on the humerus

Question 24

Extensors of carpus and digits

Answer 24

Craniolateral. Common origin: lateral extensor epicondyle of the humerus

Question 25

Flexors of the carpus and digits

Answer 25

Caudomedial. Common origin, medial flexor epicondyle of the humerus

Question 26

Flexor maniaca

Answer 26

Superficial digital flexor tendon divides to allow the deep digital flexor tendons to go through

Question 27

Number and location of interosseous muscles

Answer 27

Four very similar muscles on the Palmar surfaces of metacarpal bones.

Question 28

Specialized features of the cat in antebrachium

Answer 28

Brachioradialis - well developed in dog
Muscle bellies tend to be longer (fibers go farther down the tendons)
Muscles of the manus are more developed - more use of paws compared to dog
Specialized distal phalanges - retractable claws

Question 29

Lymph’s that could cause arm lameness

Answer 29

Prescapular (superficial cervical)
Axillary
Cubical - mainly horses

Question 30

Artery flow sequence

Answer 30

Subclavian to axillary to brachial to median to median (dog) or radial (cat)

Question 31

Arteries of paw (palmar side)

Answer 31

Superficial and deep palmar arches
Super - between tendons of SDF & DDF
Deep - between tendons of DDF and interosseous muscles

Question 32

Metacarpal blood vessels

Answer 32

Doubled set, dorsal and palmar, one each is superficial & deep. Each courses from carpal-metacarpal joint to a metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 33

Nerves in brachial plexus

Answer 33

Fed by C 6,7,8 & T1, 2
Branches by suprascapular, subscapular, musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, ulnar, median

Question 34

Importance of radial nerve

Answer 34

Weight bearing, limb must be in extension, innervates the extensor muscles of the forelimb. Common for horses to kick & fracture the olecranon = can’t extend elbow, can still extend carpus

Question 35

Autonomous zone

Answer 35

Skin region typically supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 36

Nerves with no known sensory cutaneous sensory component

Answer 36

Suprascapular, subscapular, throacodorsal

Question 37

Nerves of the manus: motor: ulnar

Answer 37

To interosseous muscles & other minor muscles of forepaw

Question 38

Nerves of manus : sensory, radial, median & ulnar

Answer 38

Dorsally
Radial: majority of paws dorsum except for lateral side of digit 5
Median: none
Ulnar: lateral (abaxial) side of digit 5

Palmarly
Radial: none
Median: digit 1 through axial side of digit 4
Ulnar: abaxial side of digit 4 and all of digit 5