Ms Infection - Arthritis & Osteomyelitis Erysipelothrix Flashcards
Ways joints can get infected
Iatrogenic - diagnostic /therapeutic procedures
Direct inoculation, penetrating trauma
Adjacent osteomyelitis
Hematogenous route - whole body septic process
2 ways clinical signs develop
Direct & indirect
Direct arthropathy = infection/septic arthritis, presence of live microorganisms in articular cavity
Indirect arthropathy - disposition of immune complexes in synovial membrane, could have symptoms of infectious process w/out presence of live bacteria
Features of Erysipelothrix
Gram + short rods
Facultatively anaerobic
Non motile
origin of Erysipelothrix
Environmental, sewage, decaying veg, GIT / mucous membranes
Tonsils of pigs is a reservoir for bacteria
Transmission of Erysipelothrix
Ingestion
Feco-oral
Urine - oral
Salvia - oral
Virulence facors or Erysipelothrix
Facultative intracellular
Capsule - prevents phagocytosis
Adherence - to endothelial cells
Neuraminidase - hemolysis, thrombus, coagulopathy
Main species infected by Erysipelothrix
Pigs & turkeys
Sheep, dogs, cats, birds, marine mammals & humans
4 main diseases caused by Erysipelothrix
Septicemia
Diamond skin disease
Arthritis
Endocarditis
Erysipelothrix - septicemia
Acute form of infection
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae spreads systemically through the blood stream
Common in young pigs & turkeys
Severe form & presents as sudden death
Causes cyanosis, decreased blood flow to extremities, Neuraminidase = thrombi/blocked vesse;s
Diamond skin disease
Less severe form of disease
Rhomboid lesions on skin or swelling around snood
Manifestation of systemic disease
Arthritis
Infection w live bacteria localized in joints
Immune mediated inflammation
Synovial membrane hyperplasia w pannus formation
Endocarditis
Valvular endocarditis in mitral valve (most common)
+/- dissemination of infection & infarcts throughout the body
Diagnosing Erysipelothrix
Clinical signs - species
Sample from lesions
Gram stain/diff quick (G+ short rods)
Aerobic culture
Treating Erysipelothrix
Penicillin is best
Treatment is not ideal for chronic cases (arthritis & endocarditis)
Location of infection can make it more difficult to treat (heart valves, joints, CNS)
Controlling Erysipelothrix
Reduce predisposing factors for disease transmission - cull chronic animals
Vaccines available for pigs and turkeys
