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Moving > Equine/ruminant Thoracic Anatomy > Flashcards

Equine/ruminant Thoracic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical terms for
Shoulder
Point of shoulder
Point of elbow
Knee
Cannon bone

A

Shoulder - region between dorsal margin of scapular cartilage & shoulder joint
Point of shoulder - cranial part of the greater tubercle of humerus
Point of elbow - olecranon
Knee - carpus & stifle joint
Cannon bone - metacarpal III

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2
Q

Anatomical terms for
Splint bones
Button of splint
Fetlock
Pastern
Long pastern bone
Short pastern bone
Pastern joint
Coronary band, cornet

A

Splint bones - metacarpal II (medial) and metacarpal IV (lateral) of the horse
Button of splint - distal extremity of metacarpal II or metacarpal IV of horse
Fetlock - metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joint (ankle)
Pastern - region of the digit between fetlock & hoof
Long pastern bone - proximal phalanx, p1
Short pastern bone - middle phalanx, p2
Pastern joint - between p1 and p2
Coronary band, coronet - junction between skin and hoof

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3
Q

Anatomical terms for
Coffin bone
Coffin joint
Navicular bone
Chestnut
Ergot

A

Coffin bone - distal phalanx, PIII: (pedal bone)
Coffin joint- between PII and PIII
Navicular bone - distal sesamoid bone
Chestnut - horny growth on medial surface proximal to carpus
Ergot - small mass in the tuft of hair on palmar / plantar surface of fetlock

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4
Q

Horse vs cow
Subclavius muscle

A

Modified pectoral muscle
Large in horse, very small in cow

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5
Q

Horse vs cow deltoideus muscle

A

Aponeurotic part is large w no acromial part in horse

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6
Q

Horse vs cow - triceps muscle

A

Both species have 3 triceps head, no accessory had

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7
Q

Capped elbow or shoe boil

A

Subcutaneous bursa can become inflamed from weight or laying on it

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8
Q

Lacterus fibrosis

A

Extension of tendinous central bicipital tendon onto the extensor carpii radialis

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9
Q

Extensor capri radialis

A

Facia of ECR receives lacertus fibrosis & distributes it to the metacarpal tuberosity
Functional part of stay apparatus in equine forelimb

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10
Q

Extensor carpi obliquus

A

Called abductor digit I in the dog

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11
Q

Superficial digital flexor

A

Considered a check ligament, band originates from the radius & intersects w main tendon, near the level of the carpus

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12
Q

Deep digital flexor

A

Also a check ligament, distal or accessory check is much larger than the proximal.
Distal originates from the palmar capsule of carpus & intersects w main tendon - proximal 3rd of metacarpus

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13
Q

Deep digital flexor ( accessory)

A

Check ligament, helps prevent hyper-extension of fetlock joint by checking deep digital flexor tendon

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14
Q

Important arteries in distal limb

A

Median artery
- medial palmar artery
- lateral palmar artery
==medial palmar digital artery
==lateral Palmer digital artery

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15
Q

Lateral palmar Arteries

A

Run in a groove between digital flexors and suspensory ligament

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16
Q

Medial palmar artery

A

Run deep and inclines to midline (axially) and gains midline
Splits symmetrically just above the fetlock into digital arteries

17
Q

Termination of digital arteries

A

Entering solar canal and anastomosing in the terminal arch

18
Q

Nerves of thoracic limb

A

In horses and cows, the median and musculocutanous nerves run together

19
Q

What pathogenesis occurs if suprascapular nerve is damaged?

A

Sweeney = atrophy of Supra and infra scapular muscles

20
Q

Nerves distal to the carpus

A

Mainly median and ulnar - primarily sensory nerves (no muscles distal to carpus)

21
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Distal to carpus - sensory

22
Q

Median nerve

A

Main supply to distal limb, divides into medial and lateral palmar nerves

23
Q

Med/lat palmar metacarpal nerve

A

Both arise near carpus from a small branch of the lateral palmar nerve

24
Q

Medial and lateral Palmer digital nerves

A

Continuation of the respective palmar nerves
Each have dorsal branches to fetlock & pastern region

25
Q

Interosseous tendon in cow

A

The equivalent of the suspensory ligament of the horse. More muscular in composition in the calf

26
Q

Weight distribution on hoof/claw

A

Medial claw bears majority in thoracic limb
Lateral claw bears majority of weight in hind limb (80%)

27
Q

Carpus, metacarpus and digits in cow

A

6 carpal bones
2 weight bearing metacarpal bones (III and IV)
2 weight bearing digits
4 proximal and 2 distal sesamoid bones

28
Q

Dewclaws

A

Not bones

29
Q

Extensors in ruminant thoracic limb

A

Lateral digital extensor
Common digital extensor
Medial digital extensor

30
Q

Importance of interdigital ligaments

A

Holds claws together

31
Q

Bier block

A

Use of dorsal commo digital vein III for regional anesthesia in bovine

32
Q

Modified interosseous muscle in horses

A

= suspensory ligament
Lies on palmar surface of MC III, between MC II and MC IV (splint bones)

33
Q

Extensor branches in equine

A

Pass dorsally from each side, medial & lateral to attach to the extensor process of p3

34
Q

Job of suspensory ligament

A

Helps prevent hyper extension of fetlock joint

35
Q

Distal sesamoidean ligaments

A

Superficial, straight, I
Middle, oblique, V
Deep, cruciate, X

36
Q

Ligaments of the digital sesamoid bone

A

suspensory ligament of the digital sesamoid bone
distal sesamoid impair ligament
Lateral collateral ligament of pastern joint
lateral collateral ligament of coffin joint
lateral collateral ligament of navicular bone

37
Q

Position of palmar annular ligament of the fetlock

A

Abaxial side of one proximal sesamoid over the other

38
Q

Location of digital annular ligaments

A

Proximal digital annular ligament X shaped

39
Q

Distal annular ligament

A

Medial side of distal P1 around palmar surface to lateral side of P1

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